This category is for sites about the practice of medicine.
Yellow page like directories to find web sites about medicine and some physicians. Listing may be influenced by advertising.
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Schools, graduate programs and resources offering medical educational material for the healthcare professional.
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Employment for physicians and medical personnel. Locum tenens. Permanent Placement. Medical Staffing. Medical Jobs. This directory contains links that are helpful for medical professionals to find a job, and resources for hospitals, clinics and medical practices to find candidates for temporary and permanent staffing needs.
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Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) is an approach that encourages the employment of the best available clinical evidence from systematic research for use in clinical practice. It seeks to augment medical traditions not yet subjected to adequate evaluation with findings based on the application of the scientific method. EBM tools include, but are not limited to, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews (of a series of trials) and meta-analyses.
Places where the sick and injured are lodged and given medical treatment.
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Information about imaging modalities in health and disease.
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...Informatics is an emerging discipline that has been defined as the study, invention, and implementation of structures and algorithms to improve communication, understanding and management of medical information. The end objective of biomedical informatics is the coalescing of data, knowledge, and the tools necessary to apply that data and knowledge in the decision-making process, at the time and place that a decision needs to be made. The focus on the structures and algorithms necessary to manipulate the information separates Biomedical Informatics from other medical disciplines where information content is the focus." Aamir M. Zakaria., MD "Medical Informatics Frequently Asked Questions"
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Medical Specialties are for sites that pertain to information, practitioners, clinics and resources on the listed medical speciality. In turn, each sub-category of the Medical Speciality is broken down into areas related to that sub-category such as: Clinics and Hospitals, Journals, and Professional Organizations.
Osteopathy is an established recognized system of diagnosis and treatment, which lays its main emphasis on the structural and functional integrity of the body. It is distinctive by the fact that it recognizes that much of the pain and disability which we suffer stems from abnormalities in the function of the body structure as well as damage caused to it by disease. [Description by General Osteopathic Council, 28th October 1998, United Kingdom] In the United States (where osteopathy originated in the late 19th century) osteopaths are complete physicians, designated by the letters D.O. which stand for doctor of osteopathy and are licensed to practice medicine and surgery and all medical specialties in all 50 states.
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Pharmacology is the study of drug mechanisms, from the point of administration, through absorption, to both the desired and side effects of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), or its formulation. Any drug can be a poison, depending on the dose, and the study of excessive amounts is dealt with by the field of Medical Toxicology.This category provides links to sites specifically relevant to Pharmacology.
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Online medical reference materials, e.g. online manuals, textbooks, guidelines, dictionaries etc.
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Biology is the branch of science which studies living organisms and how they interact with each other and their environment. It examines the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living things. It also classifies and describes organisms and their inter-relationships.
Listed sites are the official homepages, as found by visiting the university or institution main page and then following links to the department of Biology.
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules. This category includes the fields of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Molecular Genetics and Proteomics.
Bioinformatics is broadly defined as the use of computers to analyse biological information. The most common form of bioinformatics is studying the vast amounts of DNA and protein sequence that are now available. However, there are many other possible applications of computers in biology, such as simulating populations, analysing experimental gels and storing information about the phenotypes of mutant organisms.
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This category is for sites about biomechanics which is the study of the mechanics of living organisms and the application of engineering principles to and from biological systems.
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Biophysics is the application of physical principles, both classical and modern, to problems involving biological systems.
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Biotechnology uses living organisms to create products that benefit mankind, such as foods, drugs, and waste recycling.
Botany is a branch of biology and is the scientific study of plant life and development. It includes study of the structure, growth, reproduction, metabolism, development, diseases and chemical properties of plants and the evolutionary relationships between the different groups.
Cell biology lies at the center of the biological sciences, constituting the bridge between the sub-cellular, molecular levels of organization and the super-cellular, tissue-based and organismal levels. Historically, cell biology has relied upon biochemical and biophysical methods, microscopy, cell manipulation and pharmacological intervention for its progress. However, with the advent of modern techniques in molecular genetics and recombinant DNA technology, cell biology has become more closely allied to the fields of molecular and developmental biology and genetics. Much recent progress in cell biology also derives from discovery of new chemical compounds with effects on cellular processes. Furthermore, cell biology is at the heart of research on cancer, and as the understanding of the cell grows, cell biology has emerged as an important discipline in the biomedical sciences and medicine.
Contains newsletters, newsgroups, forums, message boards and chat rooms which discuss life science related topics.
Cryobiology is the branch of biology that studies the effects of low temperatures on living things, from whole animals and plants to organs and individual cells. This category also includes companies which research and store frozen tissue for transplant and other uses.
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The development of an organism or tissue from an egg, seed, spore or other type of progenitor cell is the subject of developmental biology. Developmental biology encompasses the field of embryology - the study of the embryo - and touches upon a number of other disciplines, including cell and molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry. Most research in developmental biology focuses on model biological systems for which powerful tools of manipulation exist, each offering its own advantages. Modern molecular studies on model systems have revealed a remarkable degree of conservation of genes and proteins involved in development between even distantly related organisms, contributing to a new awareness of the relatedness of all species. Research in developmental biology has contributed immensely to our understanding of hereditary diseases affecting human development, and the promise of better treatments or cures for human diseases based on basic research in other species is very exciting.
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Organized collections of links to internet resources related to biology topics. Many of the branches of biology have their own directories category.
Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life and the interactions between organisms and their natural environment. These relationships include physiological responses of individuals, structure and dynamics of populations, interactions among species, organization of biological communities, and processing of energy and matter in ecosystems.
The biology employment category offers information about career development, job vacancy listings, resumes, and staffing services for those interested in the life sciences.
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This category is for scientific sites about evolution in biology. Evolution is the process by which living things change over generations. Evolutionary biology is the study of how and why evolution occurs. An organism inherits traits from its parents through the genome. Mutations in these genes and/or the way they are read, or not read, can produce a new trait in the offspring. If a new trait makes these offspring better suited to their environment, they will be more successful at surviving and reproducing. This process is called natural selection, and it causes useful traits to become more common. The theory of evolution by natural selection was first proposed by Charles Darwin in his book “On the Origin of Species”, written in 1859.
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This category is intended for websites about the biology of specific organisms or taxonomic groups. The structure is organized according to a taxonomy tree, with the top-level subcategories being the five Kingdoms plus Viruses. Potential contents include descriptions and images of the organisms, classification, anatomy, physiology, behavior, distribution, reproduction and life cycle, habitat, biological or ecological aspects of management, endangered-species status, etc.
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Genetics is the branch of biology which deals with heredity and variation in living organisms. The modern science of genetics started with the work of Gregor Mendel in the mid-nineteenth century. He found that organisms inherit traits in a discrete way and the basic units of inheritance are now called genes.
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Histology is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals.
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This category covers general sites on the history of biology which traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Over the 18th and 19th centuries, biological sciences such as botany and zoology became increasingly professional scientific disciplines and in the 20th century many important fields were further developed.
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Immunology is a branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in organisms. It includes the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of health and disease, and malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders.
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Conferences featuring Biology related topics or topics of interest to those working in the biological field.
Methods and techniques that are useful in a broad range of biological applications include statistical methods, analytical methods, lab protocols, microscopy and microanalysis. Because many methods and techniques are themselves important fields or subfields of biology addressed elsewhere in the Open Directory, this category contains numerous cross-links to other categories.
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Microbiology is the study of life and organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye which include bacteria, viruses, prions, microscopic fungi and protists. It includes the branches of bacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology.
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties and their taxonomy. Much study focuses on yeasts and microscopic fungi, many of which are plant and animal pathogens.
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Neurobiology is the branch of biology that studies the cells of the nervous system and the organization of these cells into functional circuits that process information and mediate behavior.
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This category is for sites providing current news and features about biology. Sites related to a specific branch of biology should be submitted to the appropriate branch category.
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This category is for organizations which do not themselves conduct scientific research but aim to spread information about such research. They organize meetings, publish journals and provide research grants for scientists in the field.
This category is for sites about physiology, the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms.
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Products and Services include all of the specialized apparatus, equipment, services and other things that scientific researchers, teachers, and engineers working in the field of Biology need in the course of their work. Pick an appropriate subcategory and then submit your English Language site there.
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This category is for websites dealing with biology-themed books, magazines, journals, and other publications. Many branches of Biology have their own category for journals which can be reached through the appropriate link.
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Provides reference webpages and tools for biological sciences. Some examples would be lists of constants, measurement conversions, online calculators, formula tables, exact time, properties of materials, technical standards, data, glossaries and acronyms.
This category is for organizations that provide grants and funds for research in biology.
Most research activities will either occur in academic departments or in research institutes (which may either be in universities or external). Both of these are included in this category.
This category lists engines which search databases of life science information and literature.
Sociobiology is an area of study combining biology and sociology that attempts to explain social behavior in all species by considering the evolutionary advantages the behaviors may have.
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This category is for sites about software aimed primarily at research, evaluation or education in biology. Many branches of Biology have their own category for software which can be reached through the appropriate link.
Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification. This category is for sites about the taxonomy of living and extinct organisms. It includes classical Linnaean taxonomy and phylogenetic taxonomy or cladism, which groups taxa using derived traits.
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Theoretical biology attempts to explain the biological world using mainly mathematical and computational tools. Though ultimately based on observations and experimental results, the theoretical biologist's product is a model or theory.
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Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. A poison is defined as any substance that causes a harmful effect, either by accident or design, when administered to a living organism.
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This category is for sites about zoology which is the branch of biology concerned with the study of animals including their anatomy, morphology, embryology and the function of their parts. Sites about individual species or groups of species should be submitted to the appropriate category of Animalia.
Chemistry is typically defined as the science that studies the composition, structure, and transformation of matter. It has been called "the central science" because of the way it is related with all the other sciences. Chemistry bridges the gap between physics and biology; it is a "helper science" in almost many technical disciplines; and it occupies a prominent position in industry between the extraction of raw materials and the manufacture of finished products. Of course, it is chemists who call it this way; other scientists may have different perspectives. Chemistry is also distinguished from some other sciences because it creates its own object of study: chemists can imagine and create new compounds that have never existed in nature, so they are not constrained to what already exists, but only to what can be done.
This category is for sites about university departments doing scientific research and providing scientific educational programs in chemistry.
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Science/Chemistry/Analytical contains links to those sites which may deal with the facet of chemistry used in the commercial world of chemical analysis. Agricultural, environmental, materials, QA/QC, and forensic links would be some of the most noted topics falling into this category. Pure and applied methods development for analytical processes are also included.
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Catalysts are materials that promote or accelerate a chemical reaction, by associating with one or more of the reacting chemicals, and thereby lowering the energy barrier for reaction to occur. The association can be by adsorption or chemisorption (as is the case for solid, heterogeneous catalysts) or by complexation or coordination (as is the case for homogeneous catalysts, including enzymes). Catalysts can repeatedly promote the same reaction, without themselves being converted. The science of catalysis involves itself with developing new or improved catalysts, and with understanding the fundamental processes involved with catalytic reactions.
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These are sites that provide information, or data on chemical safety. This will include lab safety, as well as chemical plant and refinery safety sites. Safety equipment and devices will also be included, or at least links to them. Sites more appropriate for high school or younger students will be found in Reference/Education/School_Safety/Labs_and_Experiments/ 4/17/00
The terms Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Chemistry are used in different countries to cover the interdisciplinary theories, methods and techniques of drug design. This involves the identification, synthesis and development of new chemical structures, or formulations of existing drugs, to improve therapeutic efficacy, bioavailability, mitigate side-effects, or overcome intellectual property issues.
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Computational chemistry involves the use of computers to investigate the structure and properties of atoms, molecules, and molecular aggregates. There is great overlap and some confusion between the disciplines commonly called "computational chemistry", "molecular modeling", and "theoretical chemistry". To simplify, all of these are grouped under the computational chemistry ODP category, except for some sites that go to Science/Chemistry/Physical.
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Conferences, courses, meetings, seminars, workshops and other events in Chemistry.
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A section for indices of Chemistry resources, most of the sites here should contain indices pointing to at least 500 other chemistry resources
Sites that teach or inform about chemistry and chemistry education, from grade school to college. Sites which seek to sell something should have significant, free chemistry education content to contribute.
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Electrochemistry is the study of the exchange of electrons between an ion/molecule and an electrode, or another ion/molecule. Application areas include batteries, plating or electrodeposition, corrosion, analytical electrochemistry, as well as the study of any chemical reaction involving oxidation or reduction.
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Information on the individual elements of, and the groups in which they appear on, the periodic table in the context of the study of chemistry.
Environmental chemistry is the study of chemicals, which by their absence or presence in critical amounts, influence life on land and in water. Environmental chemistry includes the chemicals that influence the levels of critical chemicals such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. Hence environmental chemistry is concerned with contamination of the atmosphere and water resulting from industrial pollution. Environmental chemistry includes methods of detection, quantifying the presence, and measuring differences from the natural state, as well as their effects.This category and its sub-categories includes sites about promoting and aiding this study.
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The study of all elements and compounds of elements except for carbon.
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This category is concerned with NMR, EPR, MRI and NQR. There are categories for user guides, commercial vendors of NMR systems and supplies, NMR theory, magnet safety, shimming, in short nearly everything to do with the use, repair and operation of a NMR, EPR, MRI or NQR system. 07/23/00
Organic Chemistry is the branch of chemistry dealing with the compounds of carbon.
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Organizations are groups of people working together towards a common goal.
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A selection of sites containing online versions of the periodic table of elements. Sites are classified according to the number of properties they display: Very Basic: less than eight properties. Basic: 9 - 16 properties. Detailed: 17 - 24 properties. Comprehensive: 25 - 32 properties. Very comprehensive: more than 32 properties. There are also notes when special software or browser features such as JavaScript are required.
This category contains sites from research groups mainly interested in various aspects and facets of chemistry. This may include but is not limited to link lists, research and information pages, pages concerning a single element (such as Boron).
This category lists software used in Chemistry. This includes chemical engineering software, visualization software, chemical database software and specialized types of chemical software.
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Links for International Medical Schools
Links for Medical Schools located in the Caribbean.
Medical Education related links