Chat transcript - Physiology (cardiac, endocrine)

[Anonymous]

21:07:38 [Step_1]>[snanga] yes, tonight we'll be discussing physio

21:08:19 [Step_1] should we get started and others will join in late? or do you want to wait?

21:08:39 [snanga] i/m new to this forum and so i may remain as silent observer

21:09:11 [Step_1]>[snanga] that's fine, jump in whenever you feel comfortable

21:09:14 [ayouh] let's start step 1

21:09:57 [snanga] thanks step_1

21:10:10 [hutals] In a resting healthy individual, the aortic valve opens when the pressure in the left ventricle is approximately? (40 mmHg/ 80 mmHg/ or 120 mmHg)

21:10:29 [ayouh] 120 ?

21:10:48 [Step_1] 80 mg i think

21:11:12 [Step_1] actually, i meant mmHg

21:11:30 [hutals] yes the answer is 80

21:12:00 [hutals] The second component of the first heart sound is associated with (mitral valve closure/ tricuspid valve closure/aortic valve opening)

21:12:54 [snanga] tricuspid valve closure

21:12:59 [Step_1] tricuspid valve closure

21:13:18 [ayouh] agree

21:13:38 [hutals] yes its tricuspid valve closure

21:14:00 [hutals] Stroke volume is the difference between end-diastolic volume and ( ......... ).

21:14:27 [Step_1] end-systolic volume

21:14:34 [ayouh] end systolic ?

21:15:11 [hutals] yes, its end systolic

21:15:35 [hutals] During the isovolumetric contraction phases of the cardiac cycle all muscle fibers are contracting isometrically ( T / F ).

21:16:14 ash enters this room

21:16:25 [Step_1] hi ash

21:16:45 [Step_1] F

21:16:46 [ash] hey all.i will just listen today ,having migraine

21:17:20 [Step_1] sorry to hear that ash, i hope it goes away soon

21:17:38 [ash] i hope so too

21:18:26 [hutals] yes, its False

21:18:43 drsasmd enters this room

21:19:02 [hutals] At the end of ventricular ejection, the aortic valve closes (before/at the same time / after) the pulmonic valve.

21:19:04 [drsasmd] hello everybody

21:19:11 [Step_1] hi drsasmd

21:19:21 crusher enters this room

21:19:25 [ash] hi drsasmd

21:19:31 [Step_1] you might want to pick a brighter color from the rainbow on the right

21:19:40 [Step_1] hi crusher

21:19:43 [drsasmd] sorry it took me sm time to figure out how to enter chat

21:19:44 [crusher] hi all

21:19:47 [Step_1] before is my guess

21:20:05 [ash] hi crusher

21:20:20 [Step_1]>[drsasmd] no problem, as long as you made it

21:20:26 [ayouh] agree before too step 1

21:20:31 [drsasmd] thanks

21:20:34 [ash] before

21:20:42 [hutals] yes its before

21:21:12 [ash] where do you see the split in 2 heart sound?

21:21:52 shazia enters this room

21:22:07 [ash] hi shazia

21:22:26 [shazia] hello ash

21:22:27 [hutals] fixed splitting of s2 during inspiration (normal) and expiration (abn) . atrial septal defect

21:22:33 [shazia] hi everybody

21:22:52 [Step_1] hi shazia

21:23:01 [hutals] hey shaz

21:23:20 [Step_1] i agree, seen in atrial septal defects

21:23:23 [drsasmd] hello shazia

21:23:35 [shazia] how is everone

21:23:52 [ash] where do you see variable split?

21:23:55 [Step_1] doing great. how bout you?

21:24:19 [shazia] i am fine

21:25:11 [hutals] is that the same as a paradoxical split of s2 where P2 comes before A2 and split occurs on expiration rather than inspiration?

21:26:05 [ash] no

21:26:22 [crusher] pulmonary closes afteraortic cos during inspiration intrathoracic pressure inc which inc blood flow to rt heart so it takes pulm art to fill more tie thats why pul closes after aortic valve called physiological split

21:27:28 [hutals] i see, so variable split can be normal?

21:29:17 DRRS enters this room

21:29:28 [ash] crusher can you please change the color ,i cant read a thing

21:29:30 [DRRS] Hi guys!!

21:29:43 [hutals] hey drrs

21:29:53 [Step_1] hi drrs

21:29:53 [drsasmd] hi drrs

21:30:00 [ash] ok tell me where do you see paradoxical split? and what is it?

21:30:03 [Step_1] Mitral valve insufficiency (incompetence) results in a. elevated left atrial pressure, dilation, hypertrophy. b. a systolic murmur. c. both a and b.

21:30:07 [ash] hi drrs

21:30:45 [drsasmd] both

21:31:00 [ash] both

21:31:05 [hutals] paradoxical split is seen in left bundle branch block which delays av closure

21:31:13 [crusher] c..is correct

21:31:16 [hutals] both

21:31:33 [Step_1] great job everyone.....its c!

21:32:14 [Step_1] Aortic insufficiency (incompetence ) results in a. a diastolic murmur. b. decreased aortic pulse pressure. c. both a and b.?

21:32:22 [DRRS] so what exactly is paradoxical split?

21:32:35 [ash]>[Step_1] a

21:32:40 [drsasmd] a

21:33:17 [DRRS] A

21:33:20 [hutals] paradoxical split is when P2 comes before A2 and split occurs on expiration rather than inspiration

21:33:30 [ash] so opposite of normal

21:33:31 [DRRS] thanks ash

21:33:52 [DRRS] ok

21:33:52 [hutals] a.

21:34:03 [crusher] A is correct...pulse pressure inc instead of dec

21:34:10 [Step_1] everyone got it right again....its a.

21:34:58 [hutals] Stroke volume is equal to end-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume ( T / F ).

21:35:16 [drsasmd] what are the conditions in which u can find paradoxical split

21:35:24 [Step_1] T

21:35:27 [DRRS] Don't you guys wish we could all give the exam together too? we'd get 99.

21:35:38 [shazia] but there is systolic murmur too in mitral insuffiucency.isn't it

21:35:54 [ash]>[Step_1] see above

21:35:58 [drsasmd] yes

21:36:03 [crusher] true

21:36:10 [DRRS] true

21:36:23 [ash] true

21:36:28 [hutals] yes its true

21:36:28 [drsasmd] hey thanks

21:36:34 [DRRS] M.R. gives pansystolic murmur

21:37:02 [ash] what gives machinary murmur?

21:37:17 [DRRS] PDA

21:37:26 [DRRS] patent ductus arteriosus

21:37:28 [crusher] PDA

21:37:51 [Step_1] machinery murmur is a PDA because "a PDA (palm pilot) is a machine"

21:38:15 [drsasmd] gr8

21:38:16 [ash] good

21:38:35 [ash] seagull murmur?

21:38:48 [drsasmd] no idea

21:39:07 [hutals] never heard of seagul murmur??

21:39:07 [DRRS] is a diastolic murmur

21:39:47 [DRRS] seagull= diastolic

21:40:22 [DRRS] can't remember

21:40:52 [ash] aortic incompetence with calcified valves

21:40:59 [DRRS] ash> when you do this, can everybody else see what we are saying too? just asking.

21:41:05 [ash] maladie de roger murmur?

21:41:07 [Step_1] aortic insufficiency

21:41:39 [ash]>[Step_1] i am impressed

21:41:51 [Step_1]>[DRRS] this is done by clicking the person's name and it automatically appears

21:42:41 [Step_1] i must confess....had to look that one up

21:43:10 [DRRS] thanks guys.

21:43:42 [ash]>[Step_1] thats ok

21:44:03 [Step_1] ventricular septal defect

21:44:06 [ash] maladie de roger murmur?

21:44:14 [ash]>[Step_1] great!!!

21:44:26 [ash] austin flint murmur?

21:44:59 [ash] where on the chest do you auscultate for it?

21:45:15 [DRRS] that's a diastolic murmur too.

21:45:19 [Step_1] aortic regurgitation

21:45:47 [Step_1] heard at the cardiac apex

21:46:19 [ash] right.good/TO Step_1

21:46:53 [Step_1] high pitched blowing murmur?

21:47:21 [hutals] ah, this one i know. thats av regurgitation

21:47:38 [drsasmd] AR

21:47:38 [ash] agree

21:48:12 [Step_1] yep....excellent everyone....its AR

21:48:22 [hutals] The third heart sound is heard when? ( the beginning of rapid filling / start of atrial contraction)?

21:48:58 [drsasmd] start of atrial contraction

21:49:31 [Step_1] beginning of rapid filling because caused by blood entering a volume overloaded left or right ventricle

21:49:33 [ash] heart failure

21:49:44 [ash] normal in children

21:49:56 [drsasmd] ok.

21:50:24 [hutals] yes its beginning of rapid filling or diastole

21:51:00 [Step_1] good point ash, this would be normal in children and young adults, but abnormal after 40

21:51:21 [Step_1] and its the first cardiac sign of congestive heart failure

21:51:51 [Step_1] opening snap heard with what?

21:52:20 [ash]>[Step_1] can you please change your color .i know i am a bit irritating today but it hurts to read that color.sorry

21:52:22 [DRRS] mid diastolic murmur of MS

21:52:35 [ash] 2 heart sound

21:52:42 [ash] ms

21:52:44 [Step_1] this better?

21:53:04 [ash] means that the valve is stiill not calcified

21:53:18 [ash]>[Step_1] thankyou so much

21:53:22 [hutals] mitral valve stenosis

21:53:27 [Step_1] yep, heard in mitral stenosis

21:54:01 [Step_1] S-tenosis = S-nap

21:54:17 [ash]

21:54:57 [ash] how do you determine the severity of mitral stenosis by auscultating?

21:56:26 [Step_1] opening snap in early diastole indicates severe disease

21:56:52 [DRRS] agree with step1

21:57:04 [hutals] agree

21:57:06 [ash]>[Step_1] right .see the gap between second heart sound and opening snap

21:57:07 [DRRS] the closer the OS is to S2, the more severe

21:57:18 [ash] good guys

21:57:47 [crusher] sfr

21:58:03 [ash] beyond howmany degrees is abnormal left axis deviation?

21:59:31 [ash] sorry guys this headache is killing me i need to go.i will read the transcript tomorrow.goodnite.

22:00:01 [DRRS] i hope you feel better

22:00:05 [hutals] More negative than -30 is called left axis deviation

22:00:07 [drsasmd] bye ash and take care

22:00:23 [Step_1] i hope you feel better ash

22:00:35 [ash] thanks .bye all.

22:01:02 [Step_1] when is S4 heard?

22:01:21 [hutals] vent hypertrophy

22:02:36 [Step_1] s4 means decreased compliance which can be from ventricular hypertophy or already volume overloaded ventricle. here is what it sounds like if anyone is interested. http://www.co.gaston.nc.us/gemshp/training/s4.htm

22:03:51 [Step_1] i guess we should probably move onto endocrine now? or someone prefer something else first?

22:05:07 [DRRS] that is so cool!!!!!!!!!! the murmurs. i didn't know there was a website like this! thanks so much.

22:05:21 [drsasmd] how much are abnormal pressure volume curves tested. and where to find them best

22:05:44 [Step_1] no problem, it makes it easier to remember the murmur once you hear it

22:06:33 [Step_1]>[drsasmd] that is very high yield

22:07:32 [hutals] A 21-Beta-hydroxylase deficiency will result in what hormone deficiencies/excesses?

22:07:47 [drsasmd] ok.I will go thru it properly,thanks

22:08:33 [Step_1] the pressure volume loop in particular you should know very well....most likely to see at least one question on that

22:09:59 [crusher] excess androgen?

22:10:42 [crusher] dec mineralocorticoid and dec cortisol

22:10:56 [drsasmd] congenital adrenal hyperplasia

22:11:16 [Step_1] dec cortisol and mineralocorticoid

22:11:23 [drsasmd] inc sex harmones

22:11:53 [Step_1] excessive androgen prod leading to virilizing syndrome

22:12:06 [hutals] Decreased cortisol and mineralocorticoids (hypotension, hyperkalemia) Increased sex hormones (masculinization)

22:12:27 [drsasmd] Hypotension

22:12:28 [hutals] A deficiency of 17-alpha hydroxylase will result in an decrease in what hormone(s)?

22:12:52 [Step_1] yes, good point, you will get hypotension

22:13:08 [drsasmd] to compare with 17 and 11B where there is Hypertension

22:13:40 [crusher] cortisol

22:13:44 [drsasmd] dec sex and cortisol inc min

22:14:19 [Step_1] decreased in testosterone and estrogen. increased ACTH. increased blood pressure

22:15:06 [hutals] Decreased sex hormones and cortisol with hypertension

22:17:02 [Step_1] here is the summary.....if pt is hypotensive than 21B deficiency, if hypertensive with inc androgens than 11B deficiency, if hypertensive with dec androgens than 17alpha deficiency

22:17:35 [crusher] good summary step1

22:17:58 [drsasmd] good , let me make a note of it

22:18:58 [hutals] off course its helpful to know why, but the summary if good high yield info

22:19:32 [hutals] A dopaminergic antagonist would be expected to have what effect prolactin secretion?

22:19:57 [crusher] inc prolactin sec

22:20:18 [drsasmd] increase

22:20:41 [Step_1] agree it would increase PRL sec

22:21:02 [hutals] yes it Stimulates prolactin secretion

22:21:05 [crusher] cos dopamine is prolactin inhibitory factor ,,by inhibiting it,,the prolacting level rises

22:21:39 [hutals] A maturing graafian follicule can be found at what stage of the menstrual cycle?

22:21:59 [Step_1] prolif phase

22:22:03 [drsasmd] oestrogen or proliferative stage

22:22:47 [crusher] proliferative phase,,

22:22:57 [hutals] During the proliferative phase (Around Day 7)

22:23:31 [hutals] Calcitonin's actions (synergize/oppose) the actions of PTH.

22:24:04 [Step_1] opposes

22:24:12 [crusher] what are the two amino acids which are the precurursors of Growth hormone?

22:25:00 [crusher] oppose..it inc calciu level

22:25:29 [hutals] Oppose. Calcitonin acts faster than PTH to decrease serum Ca2+ levels.

22:26:11 neurodoctor_75 enters this room

22:26:25 [neurodoctor_75] hi room

22:26:28 [crusher] its arginine and histadine which inc growth horones production..Athelete commonly take from over the counters

22:27:32 [crusher] what is the most common cause of galactorrea?

22:28:19 [crusher] the ost comon cause of death in patient with acroegaly/

22:29:41 [crusher] he most common cause of galactorrea is drug,,there are many drugs causing it like OCP.hydralazine

22:29:55 [hutals] hormones, antidepressants, blood pressure meds

22:30:12 [hutals] cardiac problems

22:30:37 [crusher] the ost common cause of death in acromegaly is cardiomyopathy,,

22:31:09 [hutals] i didnt know those amino acids....thanks crush

22:31:32 [Step_1] hi neuro

22:32:05 [hutals] Decreased cortisol levels as in any of the congenital adrenal hyperplasias will have what effect on ACTH?

22:32:18 [crusher] inc acth

22:33:02 [Step_1] increased acth leading to skin pigmentation

22:33:18 [hutals] yes increase ACTH

22:33:32 [hutals] Decreased phosphate will have what effect on Vit D?

22:33:36 [crusher] tell me if I131 dec,TSH inc and T4 dec ..whts the cause

22:33:53 [Step_1] it will increase vit D

22:34:20 [crusher] vit d inc both phosphorus and calcium reabsoption..so it inc

22:35:04 [Step_1] hypothyroidism hashimoto

22:35:29 [crusher] very good its hypothyroidis..

22:36:09 [crusher] what if I131 noral TSH normal and T4 inc..whts the cause

22:36:24 [hutals] yes, Increased activated Vit D.

22:36:41 [Step_1] pregnancy

22:37:10 [crusher] cold nodules ,,what are the chances its maligancy in males

22:37:15 [hutals] agree, inc estrogen

22:37:28 [crusher] yes pregnancy,inc estrogen or OCP

22:37:45 [hutals] usually cancer

22:38:31 [crusher] 100% until prove otherwise in men and children..in women 30%

22:39:32 [crusher] oh ok.thanks hutal..i noted down all these Q,from goljian lectures

22:40:04 [hutals] i think it was step 1 who mentioned that in a previous chat

22:40:27 [crusher] what oncogene is associated with MEN2A AND MEN2b

22:41:45 [hutals] calcitonin?

22:42:01 [crusher] one intresting Q..as we know inc aminoglycans will result in diseases like cushing like puffiness eye etc..but in what diseases glycosaminoglycan DEC

22:42:17 [crusher] RET oncogenes

22:42:49 [Step_1] lysosomal storage disease??

22:43:11 [crusher] lysosomal diseases hunters or hurlers disease...very good.step1

22:44:48 [crusher] dec ca,dec PTH whats the mcc

22:45:23 [Step_1] primary hypoPTH

22:45:40 [hutals] agree

22:45:41 [crusher] priary hypoparathyroidis......previous surgery or digeorge synd

22:46:00 [crusher] inc Ca inc PTH what the MCC?

22:46:49 [Step_1] primary hyperPTH

22:47:16 [crusher] prim hyperparathyroidism..mcc is ca stones

22:47:39 [crusher] inc Ca dec PTh most common cause?

22:48:06 [Step_1] actually, i think that the primary hyperPTH will cause ca stones rather than the other way around

22:48:44 [Step_1] i think the MC cause would be an adenoma of parathyroid

22:50:06 [Step_1] that would be from a malignancy

22:50:22 [crusher] ypou are right adenoma of parathyroid will result in Ca stones

22:51:04 [crusher] yes the inc calicium and dec PTH is related to MALIGNANCY

22:51:51 [Step_1] the hypercalcemia actually suppresses the PTH in that case

22:53:24 [hutals] why is everyone so quiet tonight?

22:53:42 [hutals] usually i'm the quiet one

22:54:03 [crusher] i dono not many ppl around

22:54:05 [Step_1] that's ok, as long as everyone is learning

22:54:49 [hutals] Estradiol is converted from what precursor by what enzyme?

22:55:12 [Step_1] aromatase

22:55:52 [crusher] from testosteron to estrogen by aromatase

22:56:10 [hutals] yes, Aromatase converts Testosterone to Estradiol.

22:56:26 [hutals] Estrogen is produced in what 4 locations in the body?

22:57:20 [crusher] ovaries,adipose,adrenal,

22:57:39 [shazia] ovary,placenta,

22:57:50 freaha enters this room

22:58:11 [freaha] hi everyone

22:58:29 [shazia] hi freaha

22:58:41 [crusher] i gotta leave now,thanks for great discussion and for contributions

22:58:44 [Step_1] i can only think of 3....placenta, corpus luteum, adrenals

22:58:45 Orvisfly enters this room

22:59:07 [Step_1] hi freaha and orvisfly.

22:59:21 [Step_1] thanks for the great chat crusher. see ya sat

22:59:36 [hutals] good nite crush

22:59:46 [freaha] hi everyone

22:59:56 [crusher] good night

23:00:03 [hutals] Corpus luteum, placenta, adrenal cortex, and testes

23:00:34 [shazia] right

23:00:36 [hutals] hey freaha and fly

23:01:06 [hutals] Estrogen levels are low/med/high during the just before the peak of the LH surge?

23:01:30 [Step_1] estogen is high

23:01:52 [shazia] high

23:02:07 [freaha] i agree

23:02:17 [hutals] yes, High. Estrogen switches to positive feedback of LH from negative so both increase.

23:02:38 [hutals] Estrogens have what effect of LH secretion?

23:03:12 [Step_1] can be pos or neg feedback depending on which part of cycle

23:03:17 [freaha] decreases LH

23:04:45 [hutals] this was tricky. Complex effects. Early on estrogen has a negative effect that switches to positve just before the LH surge.

23:05:16 [Step_1] good one

23:05:22 [freaha] i get it

23:05:38 [hutals] Failure of brain maturation due to lack of thyroid hormone is known as?

23:06:08 [Step_1] i guess this has to be in a child, so cretinism

23:06:27 [freaha] rigth...cretinism

23:07:02 [hutals] yes Cretinism

23:07:14 [hutals] Finasteride inhibits what step in testosterone metabolism?

23:07:36 [Step_1] 5 alpha reductase

23:07:49 [freaha] the reductase

23:08:06 [Step_1] prevents conversion of testosterone to DHT

23:08:40 [hutals] yes, Converstion of testosterone to DHT by 5-alpha reductase

23:08:59 [hutals] Follicular growth is fastest during what part of the menstrual cycle?

23:09:21 [Step_1] proliferative phase

23:09:23 [freaha] follicular phase...

23:09:36 [freaha] i mean proliferative

23:09:56 [hutals] yes During the second week od the proliferative phase (Days 7-14)

23:10:13 [hutals] FSH stimulates what cells in the male?

23:10:49 [freaha] sertoli

23:10:58 [Step_1] S-ertoli cells stim by f-S-h

23:11:33 [Step_1] L-eydig by L-h

23:11:42 [freaha] wht increases in urine in positive pregnancy test...and when

23:11:47 [hutals] yes Sertoli cells (spermatogenesis)

23:12:41 [Step_1] hcg 2 weeks after fertilization

23:13:16 [hutals] agree

23:14:00 [freaha] HCG in around 8days....

23:14:29 [hutals] 8 days.....are you sure, i thought it was 2 weeks

23:14:58 [freaha] <a href=http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0071429484/qid%3D1085033910/sr%3D2-1/valuetheplace-20>FA</a> says so

23:15:14 [freaha] 1st A

23:15:41 [hutals] ok, sounds good

23:16:15 [freaha] in osteoprosis wht are the changes in Ca+, phosphate, and alkaline phosphate

23:17:26 [freaha] shazia> wld u call me or shld we log on to yahoo...........

23:18:28 [Step_1] if you need to post something private, you can click on the persons name and only they will see it

23:19:37 [freaha] i know but its not working

23:20:09 drkittu enters this room

23:20:50 [Step_1] hi drkittu

23:21:01 [drkittu] hi

23:21:52 [drkittu] I am new to this chat

23:22:10 [Step_1] did you get a chance to look at the questions and info i bumped up in the step 1 forum?

23:22:50 [drkittu] Hi freaha

23:23:17 [Step_1] drkittu, you're a little late for tonight because we're wrapping up soon, but the transcript will be available if you want to look over it. right now we're discussing some endocrine

23:23:40 [hutals] hey drkittu

23:23:42 [drkittu] ok carry on

23:23:45 [hutals] welcome

23:23:56 [drkittu] from next time onwards i will come on time

23:23:57 [freaha] questions regarding wht...

23:24:08 [drkittu] I just saw on USMLE .net about this chat

23:24:36 [Step_1] i bumped some questions mostly on resp physiology, but some on cardiac physiology too.

23:25:11 [Step_1] drkittu, we meet every wed and sat at 9 pm EST. everyone is more than welcome to join in

23:25:16 [freaha] oh yes ...thts gr8...thank u

23:25:38 [drkittu] Sure, thank you

23:25:49 [hutals] In addition to peripheral conversion, DHT is also produced in the?

23:26:09 [hutals] prostate gland

23:26:23 [hutals] oops, i let that one go too soon

23:26:34 [Step_1]

23:27:01 [hutals] In what organ is Vitamin D3 produced?

23:27:27 [drkittu] is it skin

23:27:29 [freaha] in osteoprosis wht are the changes in Ca+, phosphate, and alkaline phosphate......well they all stay at the normal level....

23:27:52 [Step_1] thats a tricky one. i'm gonna guess the least likely, but largest organ of the body....the skin

23:28:36 [Step_1] another tricky one freaha....normal level....good one

23:29:16 [hutals] yes its The skin. Vit D requires sun exposure (UV light and heat)

23:29:40 [hutals] LH levels would be low/med/high at the time of ovulation (Day 14)

23:30:23 [Step_1] low

23:30:39 [freaha] low

23:30:57 [drkittu] Low

23:31:28 [hutals] Low. The LH surge has already declined

23:31:57 [hutals] LH stimulates what cells in the male?

23:32:28 [Step_1] L-h stim L-eydig cells

23:32:55 [freaha] leydig

23:33:02 [drkittu] Leydig cells

23:33:31 [hutals] Leydig cells (testosterone synthesis)

23:33:52 [hutals] Order the following with the most potent first: testosterone, androstenedione. DHT

23:34:35 [Step_1] DHT, testosterone, androstenedione

23:35:45 [drkittu] DHT>Testosterone>Androstenedione

23:36:16 [hutals] yes DHT > testosterone > androstenedione

23:36:32 [hutals] Order the following with the most potent first: estrone, estradiol, estriol.

23:37:24 [drkittu] Estradiol>estrone>Estriol

23:37:29 [Step_1] estradiol, estrone, estriol .....i think??

23:38:03 [hutals] yes Estradiol > estrone > Estriol

23:38:29 [hutals] Progesterone has what effect on body temperature?

23:38:40 [Step_1] inc temp

23:38:59 [drkittu] 1 degree rise

23:39:38 [hutals] yes Increases body temperature

23:39:55 [hutals] Progestorone is used in combination with estrogen for what reason?

23:40:28 [Step_1] to help decrease risk of endomet ca

23:41:49 [hutals] yes To decrease the risk of endometrial cancer associated with unopposed estrogen therapy

23:42:25 [hutals] who was it that said that HCG detected for pregnancy test 8 days afterwards?

23:43:25 [hutals] i just found in my notes that it is about 1 week (around 8 days) in the plasma, but 2 weeks in the urine. so it depends on the type of test done. i guess we were both right

23:43:59 [hutals] Prolactin has what effect on ovulation?

23:44:22 [Step_1] i think it would inhibit ovulation

23:45:06 [hutals] yes Prolactin inhibits ovulation by inhibiting the release/synthess of GnRH from the hypothalamus

23:45:38 [Step_1] is there any specific anyone wants to discuss before we call it quits for tonight?

23:45:54 [drkittu] for last question pregesterone is givr along with estrogen in pills to to increase the thickness of cervical mucus and to inhibit gonadotrophins

23:46:28 [drkittu] yes prolactin inhibitsovulation

23:47:19 [drkittu] so what are you guys going to discuss on Saturday

23:47:38 [hutals] thats true, it probably wasnt worded very good because it has a few reasons for being given in combonation. but given post menenopaus to prevent endometrial cancer

23:47:54 [drkittu] Agree

23:48:48 [Step_1] sat is the remainder of physiology which includes GI, renal, acid base, and anything else we have time for

23:49:26 [drkittu] Ok, Thank you guys. see you all on saturday night

23:49:28 [drkittu] ood night

23:49:36 [drkittu] sorry good night

23:49:42 [hutals] sounds great...see you sat. good night

23:49:56 [Step_1] thanks for the great chat. good night all!