Biochemistry chat transcript (metabolism

[Anonymous]

21:07:53 [hutals] in G6PD deficiency the decrease in NADPH can lead to _____ if exposed to _____

21:07:59 [hiwa] what is the subj about

21:08:10 [hutals] tonight we

21:08:20 [hutals] are discussing biochem

21:08:24 [hiwa] bean

21:09:07 [Step_1] anemia from fava beans, sulfa drugs

21:09:12 [hiwa] haemolytic anaemia

21:09:34 [hiwa] what is the mechanism

21:09:39 [hutals] hemolytic anemia;oxidizing agents( fava beans, sulfonamides, primaquine)

21:10:41 [hiwa] NaDPH is not produced which is the only antioxidant for RBC ani right

21:11:23 [hutals] yes, i agree

21:12:06 [hutals] In PKU what builds up and what can be found in the urine

21:12:38 [hiwa] phynylalanin build up

21:12:46 [hutals] phenyalanine builds up because cannot convert from phenylalanine to tyrosine

21:13:09 [hiwa] what do u see in urine

21:13:13 [hutals] i think phenyketones found in urine

21:13:33 [hiwa] I think u right

21:13:43 [Step_1] thats right....phenylketones

21:14:07 [hiwa] what o ther caise for PKU apart from classical type

21:14:07 [Step_1] In PKU, what amino acid becomes essential

21:14:23 [hiwa] tyrosin

21:14:40 [hiwa] ?

21:15:43 [Step_1] tyrosine becomes "essential" because must be obtained from diet since lacking the enzyme to convert phenylalanine

21:15:51 [Step_1] good job

21:16:11 [hutals] what are other causes?? i dunno that one?

21:16:35 [hiwa] THB

21:17:21 crusher enters this room

21:17:22 [hutals] thanks, didn't know that

21:17:30 [Step_1] hi crusher

21:17:37 [hutals] hey crush

21:17:40 [hiwa] tetra hydrobiopterin deficiency which work as a cofactor for the enzyme

21:19:56 [Step_1] When Tetrahydrobiopterin is deficient, an abnormally high blood level of phenylalanine

21:20:30 [Step_1] Skin sensitivity to UV light secondary to a DNA repair defect is characteristic of what?

21:20:57 [hutals] xeroderma pigmentosum

21:21:06 [hiwa] yes but it works between tyrosin and Ldopa as cofactor

21:21:34 [hiwa] pt susceptable to what

21:23:10 [Step_1] neurological disorders??

21:23:20 [Step_1] parkinsons??

21:23:22 [hiwa] Basal cell carcinoma, melanoma,

21:23:58 [hiwa] what r other diseases of DNA repair

21:25:14 [Step_1] oh, you're talking about XO, I thought you were talking about the tetrahydobiopterin

21:25:46 [hiwa] sorry I was talking about XP

21:26:13 crusher enters this room

21:26:17 [Step_1] you can have dna replication errors from mismatched base

21:26:48 [Step_1] apurination or apyrimidination

21:27:01 [crusher] hi everyone

21:27:17 [Step_1] hi crusher

21:27:25 [hutals] hey crush

21:27:28 [hiwa] actually it is because of failure to remove the thymidin dimer

21:27:36 [hiwa] hi welcome

21:28:40 [Step_1] maybe i missed the question, are you asking about other types of DNA repair disorders, or asking about other things that can result from XP?

21:29:25 [hiwa] Other cuses of DNA repair disease

21:30:27 [Step_1] other things resulting from XP would include excessive freckling, corneal ulcerations, etc. Other causes of DNA repair aside the thymine dimers in XP are damage to cytosine deamination and the ones i mentioned

21:31:08 [Step_1] did i miss any?

21:31:39 [hiwa] ataxia telengectasia and fanconi syndrom

21:31:58 [Step_1] Ataxia-telangiectasi

21:32:04 [Step_1] just noticed that one

21:32:58 [hiwa] yes but it is not by UV it is by Ionizing radiation

21:34:08 [Step_1] good point

21:34:19 [Step_1] what are the signs and symptoms of Homocystinuria

21:34:55 [hutals] Mental retardation

21:36:04 [hiwa] what else

21:36:24 [hutals] osteoporosis, dislocation of the lens

21:37:10 [Step_1] mental retardation, seizures, psychiatric disturbances, delays in reaching developmental milestones (e.g., crawling, walking, sitting), displacement of the lens of the eye (ectopia lentis), abnormal thinning and weakness of the bones (osteoporosis and scoliosis ), and/or the formation of blood clot

21:37:22 [hiwa] so it is mainly skaletal and neurological

21:37:58 [Step_1] yep

21:38:26 [Step_1] defective enzyme?

21:38:42 [hutals] cystathionine synthetase

21:39:10 [Step_1] thats right....good job

21:39:15 [hiwa] ?

21:40:06 [Step_1] the defective enzyme in homocystinuria was the question. ans was cystathionine synthetase

21:40:21 [hiwa] pyrp (it is amino acid)

21:41:54 [hutals] i'm showing that the deficiency is cystathionine synthase.....i can look it up if you want?

21:42:28 [hiwa] Pyrp is cofactor for most aa reactions, u right enzyme is synthetase

21:43:16 [hutals] so pyrp is the cofactor?

21:43:33 [hiwa] u got it

21:43:47 [hutals] thanks

21:43:52 [Step_1] What are the symptoms of Alkaptonuria

21:44:09 [hutals] black urine

21:44:20 [hiwa] more dark urine ?

21:44:27 [hiwa] ops

21:44:55 adeelmd enters this room

21:44:58 [Step_1] Dark Urine from alkapton bodies; also connective tissue is dark, may have arthralgias. Bengin disease

21:45:10 [Step_1] hi adeelmd

21:45:44 [Step_1] What causes Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?

21:46:04 [hutals] decreased HGPRT

21:46:54 [hutals] you'll see hyperuricemia, mental retardation, self mutilation

21:46:59 [hiwa] that lead indirectly to active PRPP

21:47:23 [Step_1] Absence of HGPRTase, (normally converts hypoxanthine to IMP and guanine to GMP) Lacks Nucleotide Salvage (LNS)-purines..............very good!

21:48:38 [Step_1] At body pH, what AA are positvely charged?

21:49:21 [hutals] Glutamate and aspartate

21:49:28 [hiwa] asparagin? not sure

21:49:54 [Step_1] Asp and Glu

21:50:14 [hiwa] thanx

21:50:42 freaha enters this room

21:50:47 [Step_1] By what rxn order kinetics does alcohol dehydrogenase operate?

21:51:06 [hutals] think thats zero order

21:51:09 [freaha] hi everyone

21:51:39 [hiwa] hi freaha

21:51:52 [Step_1] hi freah

21:52:00 [hutals] hey freaha

21:52:17 [freaha] congatrs..........step 1

21:52:45 [Step_1] thanks freaha, you'll get there soon enough too!

21:53:40 [Step_1] aspirin, alcohol and phenytoin are the 3 main zero order, the rest are mostly 1st order

21:54:10 [Step_1] you should take a look at this thread for enz kinetics review http://www.valuemd.com/viewtopic.php?t=19440

21:54:56 [Step_1] Contrast hexokinase and glucokinase?

21:55:30 [hutals] glucokinase in liver only

21:56:07 [hiwa] glucokinase active in hypoglucaemia

21:56:43 [Step_1] hexokinase throughout the body, -GK in liver and has lower affinity but higher capacity for glucose

21:57:21 [Step_1] only HK is feedback inhibited by G6P

21:58:23 [Step_1] How does lead affect heme synthesis?

21:58:50 [hiwa] inhib ala synthetase

22:00:11 [Step_1] thats right hiwa, inhibits ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase prevents incorporation of Fe

22:01:53 [hiwa] wat r the findings of lead poisoning

22:03:17 [Step_1] sideroblastic anemia, peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy,

22:03:57 [Step_1] learning disabilities, prox renal tubular acidosis

22:04:20 [Step_1] abdominal pain

22:04:41 [hiwa] and bone lines on x ***

22:05:09 [Step_1] yep, forgot about that one

22:06:01 [hiwa] what o ther enzymes does lead inh and cause anaemia apart from wat we mwntioned

22:07:22 [Step_1] ferrochelatase, ALA dh, ribonuclease

22:08:17 [hiwa] that is right, and nucleotidase as well that interfere with pyrimidin synthesis

22:09:02 [Step_1] good point, thanks

22:09:17 [Step_1] gluconeogenesis irreversible enzymes?

22:09:49 [hiwa] pyrovate dehydrogenase

22:10:04 [hutals] pyr carboxylase, PEP carboxtlase

22:10:54 [hutals] dehydrogenase is for gylcolysis and the question was for gluconeogenesis

22:11:20 [hiwa] oh yeh

22:11:42 [hutals] i think also G-6-P

22:12:22 [Step_1] Mnemonic for gluconeogenesis irreversible enzymes is Pathway Produces Fresh Glucose .....

22:12:54 [hiwa] G6p is part of hexos shunt

22:13:24 [Step_1] Pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxylase, Fructose 1,6 bp , and Glucose-6-phosphatase

22:14:10 [hutals] good one, thanks

22:14:12 [hiwa] that is right

22:15:59 [Step_1] pt presents with severe hypoglycemia and has low Serum C peptide ? most likely cause?

22:16:29 [hiwa] malingering

22:16:30 [hutals] taking insulin injections

22:16:55 Backdoc enters this room

22:17:27 [hiwa] what about if both insuline and C peptide high ?

22:17:41 [Step_1] exogenous insulin intake will not have increased serum peptide c which distinguishes it from an insulinoma or other endogenous cause of insulin release

22:18:12 [hiwa] that is correct

22:18:15 [Step_1] if both high i would try to rule out insulinoma

22:18:29 [Step_1] hi backdoc

22:18:42 [hiwa] yep

22:19:25 [Step_1] What are the activators of glycgenolysis?

22:19:39 [hutals] cAMP

22:19:43 [hiwa] glucagon

22:20:29 [hiwa] yes glucagon -->inc cAMP

22:21:08 [hiwa] that activate phosphorylase enzyme

22:21:36 [Step_1] epi, calcium ions, glucagon, cAMP....good job

22:22:08 [hiwa] poor insuline every body fighting it

22:22:31 [Step_1]

22:22:43 [hiwa] steroid as well

22:24:49 [Step_1] inability to phosphoralate the mannose residues of potential enzymes located in Golgi apparatus is seen in what?

22:25:11 [hutals] I cell disease

22:25:21 [hiwa] I cell disease

22:25:57 [Step_1] Yes, its I cell disease where pts will have psycho motor retardation and early death as result

22:26:19 [Step_1] What are the cofactors of pyruvate dehydrogenase (5)?

22:26:28 [hiwa] other similar conditions associated with post translational modification?

22:26:42 [hiwa] ignor my q

22:27:00 [hiwa] pyrp

22:27:16 [hiwa] no I am wrong

22:27:28 [hiwa] THPP

22:27:38 [Step_1] pyrophosphate is right

22:27:52 [hiwa] is it ?

22:28:51 [Step_1] well, thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP

22:28:57 [hiwa] FAD, NAD, COA

22:30:05 [hiwa] what other enzyme has similar cofactors

22:30:06 [hutals] Thiamine pyrophosphate, Lipoic acid, CoA, FAD and NAD....excellent!

22:30:46 [Step_1] the mneumonic is Tender Loving Care For Nancy

22:31:08 [Step_1] thiamine?

22:31:56 [Step_1] never mind, i'm thinking of something else

22:32:56 [hiwa] alpha keto glutarate to Succinyl COA need THPP and NAD

22:33:27 [Step_1] yes, that's a great high yield point

22:34:27 [Step_1] What are the essential ketogenic AA?

22:34:56 [hiwa] leucine and lysin

22:35:01 [hutals] Leucine and Lysine

22:35:26 [hiwa] wat d u mean by essential

22:35:31 [Step_1] yep, both right

22:36:03 [hiwa] leu and lys the only ketogenic not glucogenic

22:36:14 [Step_1] essential meaning they cannot be synthesized by body alone

22:36:56 [hiwa] they r the only ketogenic in the body

22:37:10 [hiwa] but not glucogenic

22:38:20 [Step_1] thats a good question because we

22:38:44 [Step_1] only learn about the essential aa's....but i guess you're right

22:39:01 [hiwa] Good point

22:39:48 [hiwa] What r the other aa both gluco and ketogenic

22:40:18 [Step_1] Ile, Phe, Try

22:40:27 ggg enters this room

22:41:00 [hiwa] tyrosin and tryptophan

22:42:15 [Step_1] Four AA are both glucogenic and ketogenic. These include isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan.... is that right?

22:42:38 [hiwa] ablsolutely

22:42:51 [Step_1] i think i forgot the tyrosine the first time

22:43:50 [Step_1] hi ggg

22:44:00 [Step_1] hey crusher, you still there?

22:44:01 [hiwa] which one of them, might cause pillagra like symptoms

22:44:15 [hiwa] hi ggg

22:44:18 [Step_1] What are the irreversible enzymes of gluconeogenesis (4)?

22:44:46 [hiwa] pyr kinase

22:44:46 [Step_1] oops, we'll do your question first, i hit the send by accident before looking at screen

22:45:23 [Step_1] tryptophan

22:45:59 [Step_1] bonus - what are pellegra like symptoms?

22:46:14 [hiwa] dddd

22:46:30 [hutals] agree with try, dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

22:46:33 [hiwa] skin rash

22:46:55 [Step_1] thats right, the 4 Ds.....both right

22:47:15 [hiwa] which one of them cause collagen defect

22:49:04 nne enters this room

22:49:15 [hutals] not sure about that one?

22:49:20 [hutals] hi nne

22:49:25 [nne] hi eveyone

22:49:32 [Step_1] hi nne

22:49:44 [hiwa] Lysin , which one of them involved in carcinoid tumour and pinealoma

22:50:07 [nne] a virus affected my computer so couldn't join all the while

22:50:21 [nne] Congrats step 1

22:50:29 [nne] what was your score?

22:50:30 [Step_1] hope you got rid of the virus

22:51:05 [nne] i hope so. someone is helping me out

22:51:15 [Step_1] i got a better score than i was expecting, but don't want to brag or anything. but thanks for the congrats

22:51:17 [hiwa] hi nne,

22:51:44 [nne] ok, hi hiwa

22:52:58 [hutals] carcinoid tumor, would that be tryptophan also?

22:53:41 [nne] will just be quiet

22:53:50 [hiwa] well done same with pinealoma increased melatonin,

22:54:31 ayouh enters this room

22:54:33 [hutals] but you know you're stuff good nne, feel free to join or listen. whichever works best for you

22:54:52 [Step_1] hi ayouh

22:55:10 [hiwa] hi ayouh

22:55:45 [hiwa] what is the rate limiting enzyme of urea cycle ?

22:57:17 [Step_1] carbomoyl phospahate synthetase

22:57:35 [hiwa] good is this enzyme in mitoch or in cytoplasm

22:57:43 [hutals] i agree, was trying to figure out how to spell it lol

22:57:57 [hiwa] lol

22:59:28 [hutals] cytoplams?

22:59:32 [crusher] carbamoyl phosphate synthetase1,,,convert CO2 +NH2+2ATP into CARMAMOYL PHOSPHATE

22:59:44 ayouh enters this room

23:00:06 [Step_1] hi again ayouh

23:00:48 [hiwa] , it is in the mitoch, which reaction give u the first nitrogen

23:00:49 [crusher] mithochondrial matrix

23:02:43 [Step_1] nne, why quiet tonight? dont like biochem (like me) or just didnt have time to review?

23:03:02 [crusher] Arginine into ornithine by arginsae

23:03:51 [hiwa] this is the second one. alpha ketoglut(TCA) <-->glutamate is the source of the first nitrogen

23:05:03 [crusher] oh ok thanks hiwa for ans

23:05:27 [nne] haven't read biochem in a while and don't really like it

23:06:30 [Step_1] i hate it too, but today is last chat on biochem

23:06:33 [nne] i used to confuse this rate limiting step and thought it takes place in the cytoplasm

23:06:41 [Step_1] What are the irreversible enzymes of gluconeogenesis (4)?

23:07:19 [hutals] aren't there 2 different locations depending on where its involved?

23:07:54 [crusher] pyruvate caroxylase,PEP carboxylase,glucose 6 phosphatsew,,,4th couldnot remember

23:09:12 [hiwa] 1,6 fbp

23:09:26 vladi enters this room

23:09:31 [crusher] by saying you hate that subject ,you can automatically make itself hard..may be its not,if u see from diff angle

23:10:08 [Step_1] did i already ask this earlier?

23:10:17 [vladi] hi guys, i'm back again

23:10:27 [hiwa] yes lol

23:10:35 [Step_1] hi vladi

23:10:51 [crusher] like i rember while read subject myself i always feel topics so hard,but some expert of that topic teaches me,i feel comfortable

23:10:56 [crusher] hi vladi

23:10:56 [hiwa] hi vladi

23:10:58 [Step_1] oops....the ans is pyruvate carboxylase, -PEP carboxykinase,-fructose-1,6-bisphosphotase, -glu-6-phosphotase

23:11:22 [nne] Pathway Produces Fresh Glucose - Pyruate carboxyalse, PEP Carboxylase , Fructose 1,6 biphospahte glucose 6P

23:11:53 [crusher] vladi are u done with exams

23:12:11 [Step_1] good way to look at it crusher. maybe i'll start slow and say that this is the "subject that i like the least" instead of "hate the most"

23:12:53 [vladi] yes but i'm still waiting score

23:13:06 [Step_1] see nne, i knew you had it in you

23:13:17 [nne] the last three are in the cytosol and the first(Pyruvate) is in the mitochondria

23:13:29 [crusher] do u have yahoo id,i like to talk to u

23:13:52 [nne] me

23:14:03 [nne] or step 1

23:14:14 [vladi] agree with step 1 - psycho attitude to subject is extremely important

23:14:24 [Step_1] What are the irreversible enzymes of glycolysis (4)? I hope I didn't ask that one already

23:15:10 [vladi] i have hotmail.com if you want crusher

23:15:13 [hutals] PFK is rate limiting

23:15:35 [crusher] actually vladi,its good nne if u give urs too.mine is

23:15:59 [hiwa] pyrovate kinase, pyr dehydrogenase, pf kinase , glucokinase

23:16:09 [crusher] ok,,fine with me vladi

23:16:26 [nne] Hexokinase in all other tissues , Glucokinase in liver, PFK, Pyruate kinase and pyruate dehydrogenase

23:16:31 [vladi] hexokinase/glucokinase,Phospofructokinase, piryvate kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase

23:16:33 [Step_1] i'll make sure not to post the emails when i post the transcript so that you dont get spammed by spam bots

23:17:06 [vladi] all right crusher- i will email you

23:17:22 [crusher] ok thanks..vladi

23:17:39 [Step_1] -glucokinase/hexokinase,-PFK,-pyruvate kinase,-pyruvate dehdrogenase

23:17:41 [nne] that will be good step 1

23:17:45 [Step_1] very good

23:17:46 [crusher] thanks step1..for consideration

23:18:11 [nne] e mail-

23:18:12 [Step_1] no prob

23:19:27 [Step_1] What are the major activators of glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation?

23:20:18 [hiwa] insulin

23:20:32 [hutals] F 2,6 and 1,6 BisPhos

23:21:02 [nne] don't know

23:21:29 [hiwa] r they activated by insulin

23:21:46 [hutals] CoA, ADP, pyruvate

23:21:58 [nne] pls someone should pls ask the questions if they remeber any as seen in questions anywhere

23:22:06 [Step_1] AMP, fructose2,6-bis-P, fructose 1,6-bis-P in muscle, CoA, NAD, ADP and pyruvate

23:25:28 [Step_1] mentioned this one last week, but in case anyone missed it, the question described pt with cns defects, mental retardation, and mentioned something about Val aa. Dx?

23:26:10 [crusher] branched chain ketoacid..maple syryp urine

23:26:58 [vladi] let's do clinical cases: 21 y.o. man ataxic gait, dyspnea,night blindness, retinitis pigmentosa, decompensated myocardial disease-.Dx?

23:27:01 [nne] what does Val aa. Dx?

23:27:11 [Step_1] i guessed that it was maple syrup urine disease mainly because of Val being a branched chain aa. mneumonic is the branches of the maple tree

23:27:25 [vladi] certainlu maple syrop

23:27:25 [nne] what does that mean, Val aa dx?

23:27:35 [nne] ok

23:27:48 [Step_1] sorry, Val is short for the amino acid

23:28:00 [Step_1] dx = diagnosis

23:28:27 [Step_1] aa = amino acid

23:28:45 [crusher] thimine deficency Vladi??

23:28:51 [vladi] another name "branched-chain ketonuria"

23:28:52 [Step_1] sorry, my short hand can get the best of me when i try to type fast

23:28:59 [nne] thanks, step 1

23:29:32 [vladi] how about my above-mentioned Q, guys

23:29:48 [vladi] no crush

23:30:14 [Step_1] sorry, didnt see, will look at it now

23:30:50 [crusher] night blindness usually in vit A def,,but i,m confused with myocrdial dis

23:31:06 [nne] Vit A def?

23:31:43 [vladi] try again crush- it's very tricky Q

23:32:09 [vladi] what's you point step1

23:32:54 [Step_1] i'm thinking maybe hurlers??

23:33:33 [vladi] another Q that i got in usmle.net today. cherry red spot and mental retardation- what's Dx

23:34:24 [crusher] hepatospleenomegaly present or not..vladi

23:34:26 [Step_1] without hepatosplenomegaly, might be tay sachs....but with hepatospenomegaly, think neimann pick

23:34:47 [crusher] agree with step1

23:34:51 [nne] Tay - sachs dx, neiman picks

23:35:31 [vladi] Actually it's phytanic acid storage dis (Refsum's dis)- rare AR- truly peroxisomal disrder

23:35:56 [Step_1] thats for which one?

23:36:07 [vladi] yes- hepatosplenomegaly present

23:36:18 [nne] agree with step 1 about hepatospleenomegaly for neiman picks cos both dxz have cheery red spots on macula

23:36:24 [crusher] then its niemens picks disease

23:37:00 [Step_1] agree, most likely neimann picks

23:37:27 [crusher] i donot think exam deals with suchh reare disorders

23:37:54 [vladi] gor ataxia, dyspnea, night blindness. sometimes also deafness, retinitis pigmentosa, bone and skin changes inc. ichtiosis

23:38:17 [nne] have looked up hurlers - vialdi might be the answer, but have not seen the heart decompensation init

23:38:56 [vladi] great guys- it's really Nieman-Pick (i thought cherry red is only pathognomonic for Tay-Sach

23:39:39 [Step_1] Refsum Syndrome is a rare disorder of lipid metabolism inherited as a recessive trait. Symptoms may include a degenerative nerve disease (peripheral neuropathy), failure of muscle coordination (ataxia), retinitis pigmentosa (a progressive vision disorder), and bone and skin changes.

23:39:51 [vladi] nne- actually this is from Princeton-on line course, biochem.#5

23:40:05 [Step_1] i never would have got that one

23:41:05 [Step_1] yes, the boards knows about the buzz words like cherry red spots and will give you neimann pick to throw you off....good question

23:41:20 [crusher] any more q,s

23:41:22 [vladi] another trick that i got today from usmle.net (Mineral Qs)- blue sclera and mental retardation. Dx

23:42:05 [crusher] i think need to know lill more about history

23:45:08 [Step_1] any other history, or do you want a differential?

23:45:41 [hiwa] Os Imperfecta, not sure about mental retardation

23:46:28 [vladi] how about another Q from recent real exam- toddler with ment.retard, osteoporosis and tromembolic complications,Dx

23:46:41 [crusher] its PKU..bcos in its inc phenylalanine cause mental retardation and hpopigmentation cos of dec tyrosine which is a precursor of melanin

23:47:31 [vladi] hiwa- i also though and pick up OI as pathognomonic, but there is no ment.retadation with this

23:48:08 [vladi] great crush- that's right!!!

23:49:48 [vladi] another Q- young atlet with jundice- anabolic or Gilbert

23:49:49 [Step_1] wow, good question and great thinking crusher

23:50:16 [nne] all hail crusher!

23:52:36 [vladi] Q from real exam - which RNA is more sensitive to destruction and choice : mRNA and tRNA ( i picked up this this), and whole other bunch- nuclear etc

23:53:13 [Step_1] goljan tells us that all athletes on the exam are assumed to be on steroids, but gilberts can have jaundice?? is that all the info available for the questions?

23:54:10 [vladi] step 1 - what do you think aboiut more sensitive to destruction RNA

23:54:49 [hiwa] my guess mRNA

23:55:01 [crusher] in Osteogenic imperfecta is a defective collagen???you will see some blood vessel defect also..

23:56:22 [crusher] for athetele ,if alk phosphatase and gamma glutamy also inc than its anabolic steroid ans gluteal with intrahepatic cholestasis...if only alk phosp it colud be gilberts

23:56:54 [Step_1] mRNA is the largest and tRNA is the smalles.....i cant see why either would be more suseptible to destruction from this fact, but its the only thing that comes to mind this late

23:58:28 imrana enters this room

23:59:27 [Step_1] tRNA wobble might make it less suseptible to errors....maybe??

23:59:38 [vladi] step 1- i agree -it's a limited stem, but i think that it's anabolic. Gilbert is more frequently occur as intermittent mild jandice throuhout his life and occasionaly diagnosed to 3--40 y.0. Although it's no tru- some sources e.g. Princeton again put as a typical case a young atlet with Gil

00:01:07 [crusher] mr goljian said gilbert gluteal with stress also

00:01:40 [vladi] i picked up this couple mRNA and tRNA bz tRNA is smallest and theoretically should be destroyed easy. other stuff incl nuclear etc. is protected by nucleus membrane etc- isn't it

00:03:13 [crusher] but for specifically hepatic disease gamma glutamyl transferase has to inc...more specific

00:04:21 [vladi] how about small nuclear RNA that maturates with protein and HnRNA into mRNA in sliceosomes- may be it's more sensitive to destruction

00:04:45 [nne] feeling sleepy, if i snooze. bye, will read this later

00:04:45 renxo enters this room

00:04:57 [renxo] hi

00:04:58 [crusher] hi reoxy

00:05:08 [vladi] crush- you mean ALT or AST

00:05:28 [Step_1] hi renxo

00:05:55 [vladi] hi reoxy

00:06:46 [Step_1] tough question with limited stem because it seems like they both can cause jaundice, but I see what you're saying about the young athelete playing a role in the earlier signs of jaundice being seen.

00:07:17 [vladi] nobody replied to Q- toddler with mental reatrd, osteoporosis and tromembolia

00:07:45 [renxo] hi friends

00:07:46 [crusher] no,not alt ast but gamma glutamase

00:08:10 [crusher] hi roxi,,seeing u after long time

00:08:16 [vladi] yes- step 1- i mean acute phase-may ne it's really stand for anabolic

00:08:40 [renxo] hi

00:08:46 [renxo] hello

00:09:22 [Step_1] yep, good point vladi

00:09:55 [vladi] all right- it's homocysteinemia- Q from real exam

00:10:08 [crusher] any other Q,guys

00:10:26 [Step_1] you know, i didnt say anything because i actually had that question vladi!

00:11:03 [vladi] let's finish- what about next chat

00:11:22 [crusher] ohh but no other clue like marfans like features

00:11:56 [Step_1] zeda said that her path chats are done, so no path chat on tues. i guess next chat is on wed

00:12:59 [Step_1] subject next week is physio....which is the subject that i like next to least

00:13:13 [hiwa] good nite guys, it is 5 am here

00:13:20 [vladi] all right- than so much-it was very fruitfull- see you on Wednesday

00:13:25 [crusher] ok guys i gotta go now

00:13:52 [renxo] hi my name is renxo

00:13:56 [Step_1] ok, good night all, see you all in next chat

00:14:08 [vladi] have a nice sleep especially hiwa- you've been so late

00:14:11 [hutals] good nite everyone

00:14:41 [imrana] please post this transcript

00:14:55 [crusher] goodnight

00:15:02 [Step_1] renxo, welcome to chat. unfortunately, we're just wrapping up since we started about 3 hrs ago

00:15:15 [Step_1] i'll post the transcript now

I'm a biochem undergrad. I've been working on my lab report on fluorescence spectroscopy but stuck on one question. Could anyone help me??
THe question is "hoe fluorescence spectroscopy might be used to examine structure-function relationships in glycogen phosphorylase?"