chat transcipt - anatomy (embryo and histo)

[Anonymous]

20:59:45 Step_1 enters this room

20:59:46 >[Step_1] Welcome to our chat. Please obey the net etiquette while chatting: try to be pleasant and polite.

21:01:51 Betty31 enters this room

21:02:04 hutals enters this room

21:02:10 [Betty31] hi

21:02:21 [Step_1] hi everyone

21:02:52 [Step_1] lorena sent me a message saying she was sorry, but couldn't make it tonight. said she will be here on sat

21:03:07 [hutals] hello all

21:03:13 dsa503 enters this room

21:03:47 [Step_1] so tonights chat is on anatomy (except neuro which is on sat)

21:03:49 rajni enters this room

21:04:23 [Step_1] but since we have limited time, we will probably do 2 subjects today and then neuro and whatever is left on sat]

21:04:58 [Step_1] does anyone have a preference of what to start with (embryo, histo or gross)?

21:05:19 [Betty31] embryo

21:05:44 [crusher] i gass genral anatomy

21:06:02 yamini enters this room

21:06:07 [Betty31] What has to go to differentiate the testes Vs Ovaries ?

21:06:08 [rajni] hello everyone

21:06:18 [crusher] hello rajni

21:06:33 [yamini] hello everybody

21:06:48 [Step_1] you need 'MIF

21:06:56 acestep1 enters this room

21:06:59 [rajni] testosterone

21:07:21 [acestep1] hey

21:07:48 [acestep1] wow gd 2 see so many ppl online today

21:07:52 [crusher] yes MIF present in male to inhibit paramesonephric duct so no internal female structure develop.

21:07:52 [Step_1] TDF -> testis, no TDF -> ovaries

21:08:01 [Betty31] Good, let's remember in general that we need 3 factors for the male Reprod system and for female we need no factors

21:08:08 [acestep1]

21:08:10 nne enters this room

21:09:06 [Step_1] btw, great to see everyone again. in case you missed it, lorena said she will not be able to make it tonight but we'll see her on sat

21:09:07 [Betty31] For male: The testes themself will be encoded by SRY gene (short arm of chromosome Y)--> TDF Test determining factor

21:09:19 [acestep1] awwwwwww

21:09:29 [acestep1] hey step1 how r u

21:09:48 [nne] hi everyone

21:09:56 [Step_1] very good. how bout you ace...studying hard?

21:10:00 [acestep1] hi nne

21:10:11 [acestep1] nooooooooo

21:10:21 [nne] I didn't see the posts from the last chat

21:10:28 [Betty31] Remaining elements of the male Repr system will be encoded by: TESTOSTERONE (Leydig) and Mullerian Inhibiting factor MIF ---> (Sertoli cells)

21:10:53 [acestep1] soem personal prob . sorry i couldnt make it in the last two chats

21:10:54 [Betty31] so we will need in total those 3 factors to make the difference between male and females

21:10:59 [Step_1] sorry, i attached it to the one from before http://www.valuemd.com/viewtopic.php?p=90244#90244

21:11:02 [acestep1]

21:11:14 [acestep1] oh ok

21:11:22 [nne] ok. thanks

21:12:15 [Betty31] Now about Gametogenesis?

21:12:26 [Step_1] betty what are 3 factors? TDF, MIF, and what?

21:12:43 [Betty31] TDF-Testosterone and MIF

21:12:53 [crusher] TDF stands for?

21:12:56 [Step_1] ok, thanks betty

21:13:39 [Betty31] Gametogenesis: process where spermatogonia an oogionia undergo the 2 reduction divisions known as:...

21:13:41 [Step_1] testis determining factor

21:13:51 [Betty31] TDF---> "TESTES"

21:14:00 [crusher] spermatok thanks step1

21:14:30 [dsa503] meiosis

21:14:46 kokushubila enters this room

21:14:46 [Betty31] good now let's see details on this....

21:14:52 [crusher] spermatogensis or oogonium formation?

21:14:58 [Betty31] where meiosis occurs?

21:15:07 [acestep1] k

21:15:22 svaious enters this room

21:15:39 semin enters this room

21:16:18 [Betty31] another question: The primordial germ cells are derived from what fundamental germ layer?

21:16:44 [Betty31] anyone?

21:16:46 merjo13 enters this room

21:16:53 [rajni] yolk sac

21:17:20 [acestep1] wall of yolk sac

21:17:24 [Betty31] good. PGC are not derived from no fundamental germ layer but from the Yolk Sac

21:17:26 [nne] yolk sac, but not sure

21:17:40 [Betty31] what happen ate week 4 to 6?

21:17:42 [nne] tell us

21:17:53 [Betty31] Yeah Yolk Sac is the answer

21:17:55 [dsa503] organogenesis

21:18:05 [rajni] organogenesis

21:18:06 [crusher] heart start pumping

21:18:15 [Step_1] betty, is this in kap lan?

21:18:22 [Betty31] Don't forget this Primordial germ cells are derived from YOLK SAC

21:18:38 [acestep1] k

21:18:39 [Betty31] actually it is in the first page of embryo

21:18:44 [Betty31] page 95

21:18:47 [crusher] organogensis from 3-4 week

21:19:08 [acestep1] hey step1 i have high yield anat

21:19:25 [acestep1] it has this stuff

21:20:04 [Step_1] ok, i dont have high yield. i'm looking through kap lan but cant find all of it

21:20:19 [Betty31] let's do the tale... PGC from the YOLK SAC wall migrate into the "Indifferent Gonad"

21:20:27 [Betty31] <a target=new href="http://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=c97WUMRO5hY&offerid=47491.10000058&type=3 &subid=0" >Kaplan</a> Notes page 95

21:20:38 [Betty31] at chapter Gonad development

21:20:47 [acestep1] k -step1

21:21:10 [nne] it there in <a target=new href="http://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=c97WUMRO5hY&offerid=47491.10000058&type=3 &subid=0" >Kaplan</a>

21:21:22 [Betty31] section II: early embryology

21:21:41 [nne] yes its there

21:22:10 [Step_1] ok, thanks

21:22:10 [acestep1] ++k

21:22:19 [acestep1] thnx

21:22:40 [Betty31] PGC from the YOLK SAC wall migrate into the "Indifferent Gonad", this will form a longitudinal elevation of INTERMEDIATE MESODERM called: UROGENTIAL RIDGE

21:23:22 [Betty31] so, The testes and ovaries themself are derived from Intermediate Mesoderm

21:23:33 [Betty31] Am I right?

21:23:53 [Step_1] yes i agree

21:24:03 [Betty31] ok

21:24:14 [Betty31] Let's go back to Meiosis...

21:24:19 [nne] what factors play in ovary development?

21:24:33 [Betty31] Where does Meiosis occurs?

21:24:41 [rajni] absense of MIF

21:25:23 [Betty31] remember, at week 4-6, the PGC have to migrate to the Intermediate mesoderm...then the factors we have talked about before will play their role

21:25:54 [crusher] presence of paramesonephric duct/mullarian duct

21:26:06 [nne] none actually. Look at page 94 after testes development

21:26:10 [Betty31] That is later

21:26:55 [Betty31] Meiosis will take place within testes and Ovaries

21:27:10 [nne] MIF is actually for testes

21:27:16 [nne] ok

21:27:50 [acestep1] yes both meiosis 1 n 2 will take in the respective gonads

21:27:58 [Betty31] Bothe process will occur: Spermatogenesis (male) and Oogenesis (female)

21:28:31 [Betty31] questions.......What does a male baby get on his testes at birth?

21:28:34 [acestep1] but i think in females meiosis 2 occurs only when ovum needed n the eggs r preformed

21:28:50 [Betty31] What does a female baby gets at birth?

21:29:16 [Betty31] answers?

21:29:33 [rajni] when are the meiosis 1 & 2 completed?

21:29:34 [acestep1] didnt get u betty

21:29:55 [nne] A histologist is examining cells arrested at various stages of oogenesis. He dicovers a follicle within the stroma of the ovary that has developed an antrum. The follicle would be classified as...

21:29:58 [crusher] spermatogonium ???

21:30:05 [Betty31] what a male baby have on his testes at birth?

21:30:09 [rajni] male baby gets the primordial cellsat the birth

21:30:21 [Betty31] good

21:30:27 [Betty31] and the female baby?

21:30:27 [dsa503] meiosis 1 is completed just before ovulation meiosis 2 is completed at fertilization

21:30:52 [acestep1] k

21:31:07 [Betty31] female baby gets Oocyte I (primary oocyte)

21:31:13 [acestep1] thnx betty

21:31:23 [rajni] yes

21:31:23 [dsa503] secondary oocyte

21:31:48 [Betty31] but let's see how it happens.... remember this, females are always ahead to men on development processes

21:32:04 [dsa503] nne what is the answer to your Q

21:32:06 [acestep1] k

21:32:21 [nne] yes, correct

21:32:29 [dsa503] k

21:34:17 [Step_1] what syndrome occurs whith lack of androgen receptors?

21:34:39 [Betty31] so... when we saw that at week 4 PGC migrate to Intermediate Mesoderm... the male baby gets stuck with those PGC; but female embryon will start the Meiosis and at birth will be in an arrested state: so at birth she has Oocyte II

21:34:45 [crusher] testicular feminization

21:34:47 [rajni] androgen insensitivity syndrome

21:35:20 [dsa503] androgen insensitivity syndrome

21:35:30 [Step_1] testicular feminization syndrome occurs when fetus 46 XY develops testis but female genatalia most commonly from lack of androgen receptors

21:35:37 [Step_1] good job

21:35:42 [rajni] betty..u just said that a female baby gets oocyte I

21:35:59 [crusher] normal XY..but has blind pouch ,,xy

21:38:11 [Betty31] Oops it's Oocyte I

21:38:25 [dsa503] where is blood production prior to birth?

21:38:42 [Betty31] Oocyte I, Prophase of Meiosis I

21:38:51 [acestep1] i think 1 st in yolk sac

21:39:06 [acestep1] then in liver n finially in bm

21:39:17 [acestep1] ok thnx betty n rajna

21:39:27 [dsa503] good job

21:39:36 [Betty31] after puberty the oocytes will be arrested as Oocyte II ready to fertilization

21:39:41 [Step_1] yolk sac, liver, spleen, bm

21:39:41 [acestep1] thnx dsa

21:39:43 [rajni] agree

21:39:57 [acestep1] yes true betty

21:40:08 [acestep1] agree with step1

21:40:21 [Step_1] Young Liver Synthesizes Blood is the mneumonic

21:40:47 [acestep1] wow great step1

21:40:53 [acestep1]

21:41:21 [Step_1] i'd love to take credit, but it was from first aid

21:41:29 [Step_1] what causes a hypocele?

21:41:37 [acestep1] lol

21:41:45 [Step_1]

21:41:59 [acestep1] hypocele?

21:42:07 [acestep1] dunno

21:42:12 [Betty31] I got a question like this on my exam.... a teenager of 14 years whose menarchy was at 12, choose in what phase of division the Oocyte must be? something like that

21:42:31 [Step_1] sorry, i meant hydrocele

21:42:39 [acestep1] oh ok

21:42:39 [Betty31] so, guys don't think embryology doesn't come, because it does come

21:42:50 [Betty31] so the answer will be?

21:42:59 [acestep1] ic thnx betty

21:43:00 [merjo13] patent processes vaginalis

21:43:02 [dsa503] prophase of meiosis 1

21:43:08 [rajni] oocyte II

21:43:15 [acestep1] yes agree with merjo

21:43:20 [Betty31] after puberty?

21:43:32 [crusher] meiosis 1 prophase

21:43:49 [acestep1] agree with dsa

21:43:56 [acestep1] n crusher

21:44:03 [dsa503] persistent tunica vaginalis

21:44:46 [Step_1] yes persistent process vaginalis

21:44:46 [merjo13] Yes dsa that's right

21:45:19 [crusher] failure of fusion of processes vaginalis

21:45:31 [Betty31] after puberty the Oocyte I completes meiosis I --> Oocyte II + Polar Body. SO the Oocyte becomes arrested in Metaphase of meiosis II and is ovulated

21:45:43 [nne] At what week is alcohol a potential teratogen?

21:45:58 [Step_1] 9 weeks

21:46:03 [crusher] 3- 4 weel...organogensis

21:46:10 [dsa503] weeks 1-12??

21:46:13 [Betty31] at fertilizationm Oocyte II completes Meiosis II to form a MATURE OOCYTE + POLAR BODY

21:46:30 [acestep1] ya i think first trimester when organogenesis is taking place

21:46:31 [nne] 3rd to 9th week

21:46:32 [rajni] agree

21:46:49 [acestep1] yes betty so thsi emasn rajni is right

21:47:03 [Betty31] that was it with Gonad development

21:47:18 [dsa503] oh ok

21:47:23 [acestep1] im sorry imeant 2 type this mean rajni is right

21:48:09 neurodoctor_75 enters this room

21:48:22 [neurodoctor_75] hi room

21:48:38 [acestep1] yes exactly at birth its oocyte 1 - prophase of meiosis 1

21:48:46 [acestep1] hi neuro

21:48:51 [Step_1] hi neuro

21:49:01 [Betty31] most common place for Ectopic abdominal pregnancy?

21:49:05 [neurodoctor_75] hello

21:49:11 [acestep1] at puberty oocyte 2 is formed

21:49:26 [acestep1] fallopian tubes

21:49:27 [merjo13] POD?

21:49:29 [Step_1] fallopean tube

21:49:32 [Betty31] right

21:49:45 [nne] fallopian tubes

21:49:50 [Step_1] newborn has regurgitation, cyanosis with feeding, enlarged abodomen, abdomen moves when breathing. what dx?

21:49:51 neurodoctor_75 exits from this room

21:49:57 neurodoctor_75 enters this room

21:50:27 [acestep1] tracheoesophageal fistula

21:50:40 [rajni] tacheo oesophageal fistula

21:50:42 [Betty31] most common place for Ectopic abdominal pregnancy?... Ectopic ABDOMINAL pregnancy most commonly occurs in the RECTOUTERINE POUCH (Pouch of Douglas)

21:51:08 [crusher] agree with ragni

21:51:15 [acestep1] ic

21:51:22 [Step_1] tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia is an abnormal communication between trach and esophagus accompanied by atresia of esophagus (can result in polyhydramnios). good job

21:51:42 [acestep1] thnx step1

21:52:06 [merjo13] Commenest form of Tracheo eso fistula?

21:52:24 [rajni] what is the most common type of tracheo oesophageal fisula?

21:52:47 [crusher] wht is potters syndrome

21:53:03 [acestep1] upper end ends in a blind tube while the lower 1 is conected 2 teh trachea

21:53:18 [merjo13] Right

21:53:24 [dsa503] renal agenesis, limb & facial anomalis & baby can't pee

21:53:31 [acestep1] bilateral renal agenesis- oligo hydroamnios

21:53:45 [acestep1] yup agree with dsa

21:53:51 [Step_1]>[Betty31] according to kap lan, most common site for ectopic pregnancy is uterine tube

21:54:42 [Betty31] I was asking about Ectopic abdominal pregnancy?

21:55:03 [crusher] bilateral renal agenisis rresult in oligohydromonas with limb and fascial deformities and pulmonary hypoplasia

21:55:04 [Step_1] oh, ok

21:55:09 [Betty31] that's tricky

21:55:30 [acestep1] ok thnx betty

21:55:46 [Betty31] ok, Germ layers

21:55:57 [merjo13] Ectopic tubal in ampulla of the fallopian tube

21:56:01 [acestep1] k

21:56:03 [dsa503] ok

21:56:43 [crusher] wht is homologus part of prostate in female

21:56:43 [Betty31] let's do this fast....... Epidermis derives from?

21:57:04 [rajni] ecto

21:57:06 [dsa503] epiblast

21:57:08 [merjo13] Ectoderm

21:57:11 [Step_1] surface ectoderm

21:57:34 [Betty31] good. and Dermis?

21:57:34 [acestep1] yes agree

21:58:01 [kokushubila] Homologous part -urethral and paraurethral glands(of Skene)

21:58:06 [Step_1] urethral and paraurethral glands

21:58:13 [dsa503] mesoderm

21:58:18 [rajni] mesoderm

21:58:41 [Betty31] good. Parotid Gland?

21:59:02 [Step_1] surface ectoderm for parotid

21:59:09 [rajni] ectoderm

21:59:17 [Betty31] good job

21:59:27 [Betty31] Parenchymes in general?

21:59:44 [Step_1] endoderm

21:59:54 [Betty31] like parenchyma of liver, submandibular gland, pancreas

21:59:55 [crusher] good thats right.Homologous partof prostate -urethral and paraurethral glands(of Skene).

21:59:58 [Betty31] Good

22:00:38 [Step_1] an important distinction to is germ layer of adrenal cortex vs medulla? same, different, what are they?

22:00:39 [Betty31] Organs mostly. Like: spleen, kidneys, Ovaries, testes, heart

22:00:49 [rajni] mesoderm

22:01:26 [crusher] mesoderm...lining of cavities

22:01:36 [rajni] adrenal medulla from neural crest and cortex from mesoderm

22:01:43 [Betty31] Adrenal Medulla ---> Neural Crest Adrenal Cortex ---> Mesoderm

22:02:00 [Step_1] the real test question described pt with pheochromocytoma and asked about the germ layer of mass? its from adrenal medulla so neural crest. good job

22:02:21 [Step_1] yes and cortex is mesoderm

22:02:57 [Betty31] Neural Tube---> CNS in general from?

22:03:04 [Step_1] mesoderm to answer bout organs

22:03:37 [Step_1] neuroectoderm

22:04:00 [Betty31] good. and PNS--> Neural crest

22:04:24 [kokushubila] What does Trunus atereriosus gives rise?

22:04:43 [kokushubila] Sorry truncus

22:05:02 [merjo13] Aorta and Pulm trunk

22:05:04 [rajni] pulmonay artery and aorta

22:05:21 [Step_1] pulm trunk and ascending aorta

22:05:28 [nne] pulm trunk and Aorta

22:05:32 [Betty31] Aorticopulmonary septum from Neural crest

22:06:39 [Step_1] at what week does the heart begin to beat?

22:06:45 [Betty31] Vagina?

22:06:54 [rajni] 4 wk

22:06:56 [Betty31] day 21?

22:06:59 [nne] 3rd week?

22:07:05 [dsa503] week 3

22:07:10 [kokushubila] 4th week

22:07:21 [nne] step 1 tell us

22:07:32 [crusher] 4 week

22:07:35 [Betty31] what about the vagina? it's tricky

22:07:37 [Step_1] what the trick, not when does it form, but what week does it start to beat....ans is 4th week.

22:07:48 [merjo13] 6 weeks

22:08:01 [nne] ok

22:08:08 [dsa503] k

22:08:08 [Betty31] anyone?

22:08:52 [yamini] 8 week

22:08:59 [rajni] upper 1/3 from paramesonefric duc

22:09:08 [Betty31] ok.... the vagina: lower portion arise from Endoderm but upper portion arise from Mesoderm

22:09:17 [Betty31] germ layers

22:09:30 [Step_1] i didnt know that betty. thanks

22:10:00 [Betty31] and Primordial germ cells, where doe they arise from?

22:10:34 [Betty31] anyone?

22:10:53 [Betty31] we mentioned that before

22:11:02 [merjo13] Yolk sac

22:11:09 [merjo13] !!!

22:11:10 [nne] yolk sac

22:11:11 [Betty31] Good!

22:11:27 [Betty31] Pharyngeal Arches?

22:11:28 [Step_1] "PGC are not derived from no fundamental germ layer but from the Yolk Sac"

22:11:41 [Betty31] Good Step 1

22:11:53 [rajni] mesoderm

22:12:07 [crusher] thyroid gland develop from which arch

22:12:38 [Betty31] Pharyngeal arches arise from ECTODERM --->"Neural Crest"

22:13:18 [Betty31] wait a minute... Thyroid: follicular cells arise from Endoderm

22:13:38 [Betty31] but Parafollicular cells arise from Naural Crest

22:13:53 [nne] Are we doing only embryology today? When are we doing gross anatomy?

22:14:48 [Betty31] we are done with embryo

22:15:14 [Step_1] i think we need to close out embryo and decide between either gross or histo for today and leave the other for sat with neuro

22:15:15 [Betty31] aren't we?

22:15:59 [Step_1] but we need to decide which one of the 2 because we cant do both

22:16:03 [crusher] but donot forget to good memorize all phargeal arch/pouch derivates and aortic arch

22:16:24 sweta_chandra enters this room

22:16:43 [nne] lts do histo today. gross is really gross

22:16:52 [Betty31] could you say the answer crusher?

22:16:56 [Step_1] i think we can spend another few mins to go over phary arches/pouches bc very high yield

22:17:22 [crusher] whats the major differnece embvryologically b/w mono and dizygotic twin

22:17:47 [nne] does anyone know any mneumonic to know pahryngeal pouches or organ derivatives. I'm a mess there

22:18:57 [crusher] i purely memorize it.if find mneomonic it will be great

22:19:24 [sweta_chandra] monozygotic tw:2amnions, 2 chorions, wheras dizygoti is one chorion and 2 amnions

22:19:47 [Step_1] bracial arch 1 are all M's like Meckels cart,- Mandible, Malleus, spenoMandibular ligament. Muscles os Mastication (Masseter, Medial pterygoids), Mylohyoid...

22:20:40 [crusher] a CHILD DEVELOP TETANCY AND MUSCLE SPASM,THE ORAGAN INVOLVE DERIVE FROM WHICH PAHRAGEAL POUCHES

22:21:03 [Step_1] 2 is the S's like Stapes, Styloid process, Stylohyoid lig, stapedius,

22:21:07 [rajni] 3rd

22:21:17 [merjo13] 3rd and 4th pouch

22:21:24 [Step_1] 3rd and 4th

22:21:33 [Step_1] DiGeorges

22:21:36 [sweta_chandra] pharyngeal pouch.3 and 4

22:21:59 [dsa503] 3rd

22:22:10 [crusher] MONO ZYGOTIC HAVE ONLY ONE PLACENTA ONE CHORION AND TWO AMNIOTIC FLUID.WHILE DIZYGOTIC HAVE ALL2(PLACENTA,CHORION,AMNIOTIC SAC)

22:22:36 [dsa503] monozygotic can also have 2 so be careful

22:22:48 [sweta_chandra] hmmm okk.

22:22:51 [crusher] GOOD.3 AND 4 THE .3 GIVE RISE TO INF PARATHYROIDS AND 4TH TO SUPERIOR

22:23:36 [Step_1] hypoplasia of mandible, cleft palate and eye and ear defects caused by failure of what?

22:24:18 [rajni] 1st arch

22:24:41 [Step_1] good job rajni. failure of neural crest cells to migrate to first arch causing first arch syndrome or Pierre Robin Syndrome.

22:24:48 [dsa503] 1st arch

22:25:23 [Step_1] cleft lip caused by failure of fusion of what?

22:25:54 [crusher] MAXILLAY AND MEDIAN NASAL PROCESSES

22:26:03 [sweta_chandra] maxillary process with nasal septum

22:26:16 [dsa503] lateral maxillary processes & median nasl process

22:26:19 [Step_1] clept lip is failure of fusion of maxillary prominence and medial nasal process.....good job!

22:26:31 [rajni] and BL cleft lip?

22:26:37 [Step_1] any others or should we move on?

22:26:45 [rajni] Bilateral?

22:27:13 [Betty31] ok I am back

22:27:47 [Betty31] hey guys this is a real good way to review things, I am very happy I came

22:27:56 [Step_1] i thought they were the same cause for both rajni

22:28:17 [Step_1] i'm glad you came too, you have great questions and info

22:28:41 [rajni] i don't remember where..but i read a question about it

22:28:44 [Betty31] so now we are on?

22:28:46 [dsa503] failure of fusion of one lateral maxillary process for unilateral & both for bilateral

22:28:58 [rajni] and the ans was not this

22:29:10 [Betty31] that is <A target=new HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0071429484/qid%3D1085033910/sr%3D2-1/valuetheplace-20">First Aid</A>

22:29:14 [dsa503] whats the answer rajini

22:29:53 [Step_1] betty, cant write things like amaxon, kap lan, first aid, etc.

22:30:19 [Step_1] so everyone agree on doing histo now and gross on sat with neuro?

22:30:59 [Betty31] Oops

22:31:04 [dsa503] betty why did you post that link to <a target=new href=http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=valuetheplace-20&creative=79097&camp=2189&link_code=ez&path=subs t/home/gateway.html>Amazon</a>.com?

22:31:35 [Betty31] to what?

22:31:42 [Step_1] she didnt, its automatically converts them here so we cant type them

22:31:54 [dsa503] oh ok

22:32:21 [Betty31] ok, we can't write ka-plan or Firs-t aid or amaz-on

22:32:37 [Betty31] so now we move on?

22:32:43 [dsa503] ok I was wondering what was going on...

22:33:14 [Step_1] ok, histo it is......

22:33:37 [Step_1] heterochromatin vs euchromatin....difference?

22:34:06 [sweta_chandra] heterichromatin has h1 histones, and so is tightly bound and dense

22:34:18 [sweta_chandra] euchromatin is loosly bound.

22:34:23 [crusher] HETERO DENSLY PACKED CHROMATIN WHILE EUCHROMATIN LOOSELY

22:34:37 acestep1 enters this room

22:34:43 [Step_1] hetero is condensed and inactive in transcription and euchromatin is dispersed and active in transcription. very good!

22:35:21 [acestep1] hey guys im back . sorry i was dc

22:35:33 [acestep1] comp probs

22:35:46 [Betty31] ok this is molecular biology too

22:35:46 [Step_1] as long as your back

22:35:53 [acestep1]

22:36:02 [acestep1] hey thnx step1

22:36:08 [acestep1]

22:36:19 [crusher] which is abundunt in resp epithilium..type1 or2 pmeumocyte

22:36:37 [dsa503] type1

22:36:49 [rajni] type 2

22:36:59 [Step_1] type 1 make up 95%

22:37:03 [merjo13] Type 1

22:37:07 [sweta_chandra] yes itmakes pneumocytes too.

22:37:12 [yamini] type 1

22:37:22 [sweta_chandra] sorry surfactant

22:37:54 [dsa503] what is the importance of lecithin sphingomyelin ratio

22:38:30 [merjo13] LS ratio>2 means lung is mature

22:38:37 [Betty31] what histologic feature is characteristic of congenital Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase deficiency?

22:38:44 [sweta_chandra] low surfactant

22:38:57 [dsa503] good jobmerjo

22:39:10 [merjo13] Thanks dsa

22:39:30 [crusher] type1 r abundunt more than 80% form the lining and type2 form surfactant and also progenetor for type1 only 3-4 %

22:40:00 [dsa503] heinz bodies?

22:40:03 [rajni] thanx crusher

22:40:36 [acestep1] yes heinz bodies

22:40:48 [Betty31] good

22:42:01 [crusher] oligodendrogial cells r destroyes in which disease

22:42:06 [sweta_chandra] which cell in body proliferate and fuse to form new skel muscle after injury?

22:42:15 [Betty31] Let's remember: Heinz Bodies >> Gluc 6-P dehydr ; Negri Bodies... Rabies; Lewy bodies...parkinson; Aschoff Bodies >>> RHD ; Birbeck granules>>> Eosinophilic granulomas

22:42:20 [dsa503] what are the different types of collagen?

22:42:31 [merjo13] Fibroblast

22:42:39 [sweta_chandra] 4types of clooagen.

22:42:45 [Step_1] great buzz words betty

22:43:01 [sweta_chandra] no ans is satellite cells. it is high yield pt

22:43:06 [dsa503] thanks betty yup those are good

22:43:37 [Step_1] type 4 is basment membrane

22:43:42 [Betty31] tell me about the collagen ...

22:44:03 [crusher] there are 5 types of collagen

22:44:14 [acestep1] no actually 11 - 14

22:44:17 [acestep1] y 4 r imp

22:44:19 [crusher] one in bone,

22:44:38 [sweta_chandra] type 1is in fibrocart, bone,tendons,

22:44:49 [merjo13] Type1 defect in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

22:44:53 [crusher] skin etc

22:45:00 [sweta_chandra] type 2 is hyaline and elastic cart..

22:45:07 [dsa503] type 2 is in cartilage & nucleus pulposus

22:45:11 [Step_1] 1 is bONE, 2 is carTWOlage

22:45:15 [crusher] twO=carTOlage

22:45:28 [dsa503] type 3 is in bl vessels & granulation tissue

22:45:34 [Betty31]

22:45:38 [acestep1] good 1 crusher

22:45:39 [sweta_chandra] type 3 is in liver, spleen, kleoid,

22:45:41 [dsa503] type 4 is in basement membranes

22:45:52 [acestep1] yes agree - dsa

22:45:54 [dsa503] F A pg 99

22:45:56 [Step_1] 5 is epiphyseal plate

22:46:05 [Step_1] for salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual), which are serous, mucus secreting, or both?

22:46:09 [sweta_chandra] yes in wound healing i guess both 1 and 3.

22:46:16 [acestep1] oh i c

22:46:41 [Betty31] got it

22:46:50 [crusher] in healing 3 replaces by 1

22:46:51 [sweta_chandra] in ehlos-danlos. which is deficient?

22:47:14 [crusher] type1 collagen

22:47:25 [rajni] type 1 & 3

22:47:44 [sweta_chandra] type 1 and 3

22:47:55 [sweta_chandra] alports syndrome?

22:48:06 [rajni] type 4

22:48:22 [sweta_chandra] good rajni

22:49:03 [Step_1] parotid is serous only while other 2 are mixed. submandib is mainly serous and sublingual is mainly mucus

22:49:58 [Step_1] which cells in stomach secrete HCL and intrinsic factor?

22:50:04 [acestep1] thnx step1

22:50:05 [rajni] where are the B and T cells present in spleen..cortex or medulla?

22:50:19 [sweta_chandra] chief cells

22:50:25 [acestep1] paerital cells

22:50:35 [yamini] parietal cells

22:50:39 [acestep1] parietal cells

22:50:49 [Step_1] yes parietal cells. good

22:50:49 [merjo13] Pareital cells

22:51:02 [acestep1] thnx

22:51:06 [yamini] cortex

22:51:13 [crusher] t cell in paracortex n B cell in germinal follicle

22:51:18 [Step_1] what do chief cells sectrete?

22:51:31 [Step_1] i agree with crusher

22:51:32 [sweta_chandra] pepsin

22:51:32 [yamini] paracortex is t cells

22:51:41 [acestep1] pepsin

22:51:50 [sweta_chandra] pepsinogen sorry

22:51:51 [rajni] that is in lymph node

22:52:05 [Step_1] pepsinogen. good.

22:52:33 [crusher] where does renin release from

22:52:41 [acestep1] i think t cells in spleen cortex

22:53:09 [sweta_chandra] jg cells

22:53:19 [acestep1] jg cells

22:53:46 [acestep1] hey rajni whts teh ans i know only abt white n rd pulp

22:53:46 [Step_1] from the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney

22:54:10 [crusher] jg cells r modified smooth muscle cells of affrent arteriole.

22:54:11 [sweta_chandra] recpetors of angiotensin 2 present where?

22:54:35 [rajni] ya..its the white pulp

22:54:53 [crusher] what else jg cell secrete

22:55:02 [acestep1] k thnx

22:55:11 [crusher] macula densa

22:55:43 [sweta_chandra] lacis cells.

22:56:12 [acestep1] i think ang 2 rcpts r + in bvs n also in teh prinicipal cells

22:56:38 [sweta_chandra] what is bvs?

22:56:48 [sweta_chandra] oh ok ok.

22:56:58 [Step_1] In convoluted tubule, which has brush border? Proximan CT or distal CT or both?

22:57:01 [acestep1] blood vessels

22:57:15 [sweta_chandra] prox tubules..

22:57:27 [acestep1] not sure but i think only pct have it

22:57:28 [yamini] pct

22:57:32 [merjo13] Yes Proximal

22:57:36 [rajni] pct

22:57:40 [crusher] jg cells also secrete erythropoiten

22:57:45 [Step_1] yes, prox has brush border and distal doesnt

22:57:56 [merjo13] Distal has cuboidal cells

22:58:06 [acestep1] oh ok crusher

22:58:07 [Step_1] didnt know that one. thnx crush

22:58:43 [acestep1] so no wonder when we have renin sec ca we have have inc erythropietin levelks

22:58:44 [sweta_chandra] proximal also has simple cuboidal

22:58:46 [acestep1] s

22:58:59 [acestep1] ic

22:59:21 [rajni] what is the lining of tympanic membrane?

22:59:42 [sweta_chandra] squamus epith

23:02:41 [Step_1] inner lining of mucous epithelium

23:02:58 [nne] within the testes or ovary

23:03:58 [Step_1] i meant as the ans (guessed) for rajnis question..what is the ans

23:04:10 [dsa503] sorry guys I am back

23:04:14 [rajni] externally - keratinized sq epethelium..and internaly - simple sq epethilium

23:04:21 [acestep1] wb dsa

23:04:28 [Step_1] tnx

23:04:38 [acestep1] n middle - connective tissue

23:04:44 [dsa503] tnx

23:04:58 [acestep1] with bvs in it

23:05:35 [Step_1] what types of cells (alpha, beta, delta) secretes insulin? glucagon? produces somatostatin?

23:05:57 [sweta_chandra] b-insulin

23:06:11 [crusher] alpha glucagon..beta insuline..delta somatostatin

23:06:12 [rajni] alpha- glucagon..beta-insulin..delta - somatostatin

23:06:17 [sweta_chandra] a-glicagonand

23:06:22 [sweta_chandra] d-somatostatin

23:06:29 [acestep1] agree

23:06:32 [Step_1] alpha cells secrete glucagon, beta -> insulin, delta -> somatostatin. good

23:07:48 [Step_1] what hormone do the chief cells secrete that will raise blood calcium by promoting bone resorption by osteoclasts?

23:07:56 [nne] agree with step 1

23:08:05 [sweta_chandra] which zone of hepatocytes undergo necrosis in yellow fever?

23:08:19 [rajni] calcitonin

23:08:26 [nne] PTH

23:08:34 [acestep1] pth

23:08:51 [crusher] pth

23:08:53 [Step_1] within the parathyoid gland, chief cells secrete parathyroid hormone. very good.

23:09:00 [acestep1] centrilobular necrosis

23:09:28 [sweta_chandra] i asked zones. 1/2/3?

23:09:35 [sweta_chandra] zone2

23:09:48 [acestep1] oops sorry

23:09:54 [Step_1] coagulation necrosis of the midzone (zone 2) hepatocytes

23:10:09 [acestep1] k

23:10:14 [sweta_chandra] yes good step-1

23:10:22 [rajni] zone 2

23:10:54 [rajni] oh sorry..i did'nt see

23:11:34 [crusher] kartenger syndrome is due to wht

23:12:06 [dsa503] absent dynein arm

23:12:07 [Step_1] def. of dynein

23:12:28 [rajni] dynin arm defect

23:12:29 [yamini] absent dynein arms

23:12:31 [Step_1] results in immotile cilia syndrom

23:13:19 [crusher] due to defect in dynine arm,which is a ATPase that causes bending of cilium by differential sliding of doublets

23:13:29 [Step_1] which cells are found inside the follicular basement lamina of thyroid and secrete calcitonin? hint...neural crest origin.

23:13:47 [acestep1] c cells

23:13:54 [sweta_chandra] parafoll c-cells

23:14:02 [crusher] C cell of thyroid

23:14:14 [yamini] parafollicular c-cells

23:14:23 [Step_1] parafollicular (c) cells is the ans. very good!

23:14:35 [nne] c cells

23:15:03 [crusher] whts the function of RER

23:15:11 [nne] trauma to surgical neck of humerus hich nerve?

23:15:27 [sweta_chandra] axillary nv

23:15:39 [acestep1] agree

23:15:51 [Step_1] nne, your getting ahead of your self for Sat, but i would guess axillary

23:15:51 [sweta_chandra] rer-translation

23:15:59 [yamini] axillary .N

23:16:19 [nne] O sorry

23:16:32 [acestep1] hey step1 isnt tht a part of gross anat- bracial plexuses

23:16:40 [Step_1] no prob...an appetizer

23:16:47 [acestep1] brachial imean

23:16:53 [acestep1]

23:17:05 [Step_1] yes, but we decided to leave gross for sat with neuro

23:17:15 [acestep1] oh ok

23:17:22 [acestep1]

23:17:50 [Step_1] is RER for protein syn

23:18:09 [acestep1] yes agree

23:18:11 [crusher] SITE for secretory protein and n.linked oligosaccride ..mucus secreting goblet cells and antibody secreting plasma cells r rich with RER.

23:18:50 [acestep1] ic

23:19:03 [Step_1] tnx crush

23:19:08 [nne] for protein synthesis

23:19:17 [Step_1] what types cells of line the ductus epididymis?

23:19:19 [acestep1] hey from wht i remb anything tht has 2 go out of teh cell is transalated in rer

23:19:37 [acestep1] hey guys sorry for teh typing errors

23:19:52 [acestep1] teh - the

23:19:56 [dsa503] out of the cell, cell membrane or into lysosomes

23:19:58 [acestep1]

23:20:00 [crusher] SER function

23:20:08 [acestep1] yes agree

23:20:21 [dsa503] detoxification of drugs

23:20:21 [crusher] cilites squ

23:20:33 [yamini] detoxification

23:21:01 [Step_1] cell membrane, drug detox

23:21:09 [crusher] site of steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs n poision...>SER

23:22:06 [Step_1] psudostratified columnar epithia cells containing stereocilia (long microvilli) line the ductus epididymis....it was a q.bank question

23:22:30 [acestep1]

23:23:12 [crusher] I cell disease what organel defect

23:23:28 [sweta_chandra] detachment of retina occure b/w which layer?

23:23:34 [sweta_chandra] lysosomal defect

23:23:43 [dsa503] lysosomal

23:23:57 [Step_1] mannose

23:23:57 [acestep1] ok 1 way to remb all the linings like eipidymis n lungs have cilated pseudost columnar epi

23:24:21 [Step_1] tnx ace

23:24:22 [acestep1] yes i think def of lysosomal enzymes

23:24:48 [acestep1] ur welcome anytime

23:24:50 [dsa503] between choroid & retina

23:25:15 [nne] Fallopian tubes lined by which epithelium?

23:25:30 [crusher] I cell dis cause by failure of addition of mannose 6 residue to lysosomal protein,causing the enzymes to be secreted outside of the cell instead being targeted to lysosome

23:25:34 [sweta_chandra] pigment epith and photoreceptor layer

23:26:00 [sweta_chandra] fall tube .. ciliated col epith

23:26:20 [dsa503] thanks sweta good one

23:26:58 [nne] yes, remember it is ciliated cos the cilia beat toward the uterus

23:27:53 [nne] Where does fertilization occur?

23:28:04 [crusher] ACTH acts which adrenal glands zones

23:28:13 [yamini] ampulla

23:28:19 [nne] yes

23:28:23 [sweta_chandra] ampulla of fall tube

23:28:31 [dsa503] what is the last airway structure with ciliated epithelium?

23:28:43 [yamini] adrenal cortex

23:28:57 [nne] bronchiloes

23:29:20 [Step_1] bronchioles

23:29:33 [Step_1] i agree ampulla

23:29:43 [dsa503] respiratory bronchioles

23:30:12 [crusher] ACTH acts on both zona fasiculata and reticularis

23:30:44 [sweta_chandra] i guess ciliated epithis only in trachia and bronhus

23:31:08 [sweta_chandra] bronchioles r lined by s col epith

23:31:19 [Step_1] well developed RER found where?chief cells of stomach, zona fasiculata in adrenal cortex, interstitial cells (of leydig), corpus luteum, hepatic cells actively metabolizing drugs?

23:31:25 [yamini] what r clara cells?

23:31:19 [Step_1] well developed RER found where?chief cells of stomach, zona fasiculata in adrenal cortex, interstitial cells (of leydig), corpus luteum, hepatic cells actively metabolizing drugs?

23:31:25 [yamini] what r clara cells?

23:31:53 [sweta_chandra] clara cells-scavengers of resp epith

23:31:58 [acestep1] hepatic cells

23:32:31 [acestep1] gd q step 1

23:32:36 [sweta_chandra] in hepatic cells we have kupffer cells doing same function

23:32:47 [dsa503] respiratory bronchioles are cilliated terminal bronchiloes are cilliated & have goblet cells

23:33:02 [nne] zona I can't quite remember the mneumonic but It is GFR. Zona Glomerulosa,Fasciculata< reticularis then ACP or is it CAP

23:33:19 [Step_1] clara populate the epithelium of respiratory tree from the level of terminal bronchiole to alveolar duct

23:34:24 [Step_1] chief cells produce the protein pepsinogen, so they have a well developed RER (protein syntheses)

23:34:50 [acestep1] ic

23:35:02 [yamini] clara cells secrete cyt p-450enzymes,traps airborne toxins&is lined bycuboidal epithelium

23:35:06 [acestep1] awwwwwwwwwwwwwww

23:35:16 [acestep1] i was wrong

23:35:24 [Step_1] the hepatic cells would more likely have SER

23:35:39 [acestep1] yes sorry i misread the q

23:35:49 [acestep1] thought it was ser

23:35:58 [acestep1]

23:36:03 [Step_1] thats ok, as long as we're all learning

23:36:16 [nne] its ACT - Aldosterone, cortisol, testosterone

23:36:21 [acestep1] yes

23:36:28 [Step_1] you're right, if it said SER, it would be hepatocytes.

23:36:53 [acestep1] ya

23:37:42 [crusher] difference b/w meisseners and pacinine carpasules

23:37:49 [Step_1] which extends further down bronchial tree? ciliated cells, submucosaql glands, mucus cells, cartilage, skeletal muscle?

23:38:08 [Step_1] meisseners is for touch and pacinian is for vibration

23:38:15 [dsa503] cilliated cells

23:38:40 [acestep1] k

23:38:45 [crusher] submucosal glands

23:38:46 [nne] don't know, guess is mucus cells

23:38:48 [dsa503] meissners is for light touch pacinian is for pressure

23:39:03 [sweta_chandra] mucus cells

23:39:05 [yamini] mucous cells

23:39:25 [crusher] yes good Homologous part -urethral and paraurethral glands(of Skene

23:39:51 [crusher] yes meissners is for light touch pacinian is for pressure

23:39:52 [nne] Step 1 ,don't keep us guessing

23:39:53 [dsa503] prostate

23:40:16 [Step_1] yes, ciliated cells as far down as resp bronchiloes. mucus disapear in branchioles (replaced by clara). submucosal glands and cartilage both disappear at lewest bronchi. skeletal mucsle not found in tracheal wall

23:40:32 [Step_1] sorry, i couldnt type fast enuf

23:41:33 [crusher] where in spleen T & B cell find

23:42:06 [acestep1] np step1

23:42:44 [kokushubila] Tcell Red pulp,B Cell WHite pulp

23:44:00 [Step_1] periarterial lymphatic sheaths are mainly T.

23:45:08 [crusher] T cells are found in PALS and redpulp of spleen while B cells are found in follicle of white pulp.

23:46:23 [Step_1] which type (1 or 2) is found in blood air barrier?

23:46:34 [crusher] thanks guys it was nice discussion.i gotta go now.thanks for everyone

23:46:42 [Step_1] pmneumoncyte

23:46:52 [acestep1] bye crsuher

23:46:57 [dsa503] type 1

23:47:08 [Step_1] bye crusher. this will be the last question for me too.

23:47:10 [acestep1] crusher imean

23:47:15 [dsa503] bye crusher

23:47:19 [acestep1] awwwwwwwwwwwwww

23:47:30 [acestep1] yes type 1 i think

23:47:32 [nne] bye crusher

23:47:38 [yamini] type1

23:47:56 [Step_1] yes type 1 along with basal lamina and endothelial cell make up the blood air barrier

23:48:20 [acestep1] yes

23:48:55 [Step_1] i think we cover just about everything impt for embryo and histo. anything else we missed?

23:49:01 [crusher] bye

23:49:08 [acestep1] wht abt cvs

23:49:23 [Step_1] bye crush. see you on sat

23:49:41 [Step_1] for embryo?

23:49:50 [acestep1] yup

23:50:05 [Step_1] good point. thats pretty impt

23:50:11 [acestep1] i mean the hrt development n the congenital hrt defects

23:50:26 [acestep1] ya

23:50:46 [Step_1] i agree. lets spend a little time on that and then i gotta go....

23:50:58 [acestep1] k

23:51:35 [Step_1] septum primum becomes what in adult?

23:52:06 [acestep1] interatrial septum ?

23:52:58 [yamini] interatrial septum

23:53:08 [Step_1] the septum primum is flexible while the secundum is stiff. one becomes the valve of foramen ovale and other becomes the interarterial septum

23:53:37 [acestep1] yes secondum becomes the valve

23:53:50 [acestep1] i think

23:53:55 [Step_1] septum primum becomes valve and the secundum becomes interatrial septum

23:54:12 [acestep1] oh ok

23:54:37 [Step_1] there is a good diagram that shows this that i will post tomorrow. once you see it, it becomes easier

23:55:04 [acestep1] ok thnx

23:55:36 [Step_1] the primitive intervent septum becomes what? the muscular or membranous portion of IV septum?

23:56:27 [dsa503] membranous?

23:56:51 [acestep1] yes agree

23:56:54 [Step_1] the primitive IV septum becomes the muscular portion while the right and left bulbar ridges, and fused endocardial cushion become the membranous. that was a q.bank question

23:57:08 [dsa503] oh ok

23:57:10 [acestep1] cuz the muscular develops from the wall

23:57:11 [Step_1] again, that same diagram will show it.

23:57:18 [acestep1] oh

23:57:27 [acestep1] yes plz step1

23:57:30 [dsa503] thx

23:57:33 [acestep1]

23:58:07 [Step_1] i only know it because of the diagram. it'll be up tomorrow

23:58:28 [Step_1] tetralogy of fallot has what defects?

23:58:33 [acestep1] thnx

23:58:38 [acestep1]

23:59:00 [acestep1] pul stenosis, vsd lhv

23:59:15 [acestep1] Lvh imean

23:59:16 [dsa503] over riding aorta, right ventricular hypertrphy, pulmonary stenosis, VSD

23:59:27 [acestep1] yes thts the 4 one

23:59:47 [acestep1] also i think boot shape hrt

23:59:47 [Step_1] pulmonary stenosis, VSD, hypertrophied rt vent, and overriding aorta.

00:00:24 [Step_1] its right vent hypertrohy because it pushing against the defect

00:00:29 [acestep1] also it is the m . common cynotic hrt d/s

00:00:48 [Step_1] ok, thx, i didnt know that

00:00:48 [dsa503] k

00:00:49 [acestep1] oops imeant rvh

00:01:00 [acestep1] ry step1 me eating n typing as well

00:01:42 [Step_1] blood pressure is fine in upper part of newborn, but low bp in lower extremities. what is the defect?

00:01:46 [acestep1] yes also all early cynotic start with t

00:02:12 [acestep1] coarctation of aorta - infantile type

00:02:16 [kokushubila] Coarctation Of Aorta

00:02:18 [dsa503] coarctation of aorta

00:02:30 [Step_1] coarctation of the aorta, commonly in the area of the ductus arteriosus. good job

00:02:48 [Step_1] what defect will give a machinery murmur?

00:02:59 [dsa503] patent ductus arteriosus

00:03:14 [acestep1] yes

00:03:15 [kokushubila] PDA

00:03:27 [Step_1] mneumonic is that a "PDA (palm) is a machine"

00:03:45 [acestep1] wow

00:03:47 [Step_1] caused by failure of what to close?

00:04:00 [dsa503] ductus arteriosus

00:04:08 [Step_1] ace...that one i can take credit for

00:04:21 [acestep1] hehe

00:04:33 [acestep1]

00:04:43 [acestep1] gd job

00:04:44 [dsa503] good job step1

00:04:57 [Step_1] lol

00:05:13 [Step_1] yes, failure of ductus arteriosus to close after birth. very good

00:05:15 [acestep1]

00:05:40 [acestep1] high pge2 n low o2 levels

00:05:51 [acestep1] i couldnt type was busy eating

00:06:02 [acestep1] tx- indomethacin

00:06:47 [Step_1] PG opens (mneumonic is "PGA open" like the golf tournament) and indometh to close

00:07:09 [acestep1] hey another gd 1

00:07:17 [acestep1]

00:07:21 [dsa503] oh ok

00:07:29 [Step_1] what are the defects in transposition of great vessels?

00:08:00 [acestep1] i think aorta from rt side n pul trunk from the lft side

00:08:19 [acestep1] plz correct me if im wrong

00:08:32 [dsa503] I think you are right

00:08:42 [acestep1] k

00:08:49 [acestep1] thnx

00:08:54 [Step_1] aorta from rt and pulm from lef is correct. associated with VSD, ASD, or patent ductus usually

00:09:03 [dsa503] step 1 what abt the vena cava & pul vein?

00:09:20 [dsa503] are they normal?

00:09:43 [Step_1] in transposition?

00:09:57 [dsa503] yes

00:10:54 [Step_1] thats a good question because its mixed blood. i'm not sure. maybe i can find it and post it tommorrow.

00:11:09 [dsa503] ok thanks

00:11:11 [acestep1] k

00:11:24 [acestep1] hey how does pul trunk make

00:11:26 [dsa503] I was just wondering since they are a part of the great vessels....

00:11:45 [acestep1] wht does it comprise of

00:12:16 [Step_1] good point dsa. i'll see what i can find

00:12:27 [dsa503] ok thanks

00:12:55 [dsa503] don't remember ace tell us

00:13:13 [acestep1] heeh

00:13:24 [dsa503] truncus arteriosus?

00:13:26 [acestep1] sure but i think pul artery

00:13:32 [Step_1] normally the pulm trunk comes from right vent into the lungs with deoxygenated blood. but here it comes from left vent

00:13:34 [acestep1] oem thing else plz let me check

00:13:54 [acestep1] yes ist truncus arteriosis

00:14:11 [dsa503] ok

00:14:35 [Step_1] oh, i misunderstood question. sorry

00:14:39 [dsa503] have we covered everything?

00:14:59 [Step_1] i think so.

00:15:06 [acestep1] np

00:15:16 [acestep1] hmm ok name the m common hrt defect

00:15:28 [acestep1] we lft the m imp 1s

00:15:36 [acestep1] vsd n asd

00:15:38 [dsa503] VSD

00:15:41 [Step_1] vsd?

00:15:48 [dsa503] yup

00:16:16 [acestep1] but if u guys know it then its ok cuz i think its v late at ur place

00:16:19 [acestep1] vsd

00:16:26 [acestep1]

00:16:36 [dsa503] lets go over it quick

00:16:44 [dsa503] whats the murmur?

00:16:45 [acestep1] k

00:16:54 [acestep1] pansystolic?

00:18:16 [acestep1] u guys there

00:18:25 [dsa503] yes I think so

00:18:36 [acestep1] k

00:18:38 [dsa503] usmle 1??

00:18:53 [acestep1] if im right remb it this way

00:18:54 [dsa503] I mean step1 sorry abt that

00:19:22 [dsa503] ok

00:19:28 [acestep1] vsd will eject bld througfhout systole

00:19:29 [Step_1] i'm still here too

00:19:34 [acestep1] k

00:20:00 [acestep1] ok 2 types of vsds membs n muscular

00:20:09 [acestep1] invsds

00:20:32 [acestep1] muscular i think will close but im not sure

00:20:57 [acestep1] i think muscular will close spontanouesly if small

00:21:13 [acestep1] do u guys agree?

00:21:45 [Step_1] i'm not sure

00:21:58 [dsa503] I'm gonna have to read up

00:22:05 [acestep1] k ill check this out n let u guys know

00:22:10 [acestep1] np

00:22:23 [acestep1] ok complications of vsd

00:22:28 [Step_1] sorry, its pretty late here and i'm not thinking straigt

00:22:32 [dsa503] ok then I think we'd better call it a night

00:22:49 [acestep1] yes i agree

00:22:53 [dsa503] thanks for a great discussion!!

00:22:54 [acestep1] tter get soem sleep

00:23:18 [acestep1] better actch soem sleep

00:23:33 [acestep1] catch some sleep imean

00:23:35 [Step_1] sorry guys, you can keep going, but i gotta get up in a few hours

00:23:40 [dsa503] good night every one

00:23:44 [acestep1] yes it was a v gd discussion

00:23:56 [acestep1] np step1

00:24:04 [Step_1] ok, good night everyone. thanks for the chat. i'll post those questions tomorrow night. see you all on sat

00:24:09 [acestep1] gd nite

[Lorena]

thank you step 1!!

excellent review!

see you all in the next chat !


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