[josephmedman] i was wondering the mechanism of how you get pulmonary edema as a toxicity of mannitol use..
[bioche2006] i know the answer
[josephmedman] excellent
[bioche2006] mannitol is osmotic diuretic hence it sucks up fluid from systemic circulation and brings back to hear t and loads up pulmonary circulation
[bioche2006] that why in left ventricular failure dont ive mannitol
[josephmedman] but i thought it sucks it up into the tubules
[bioche2006] its does from systemic circulation too
[josephmedman] ahhh..ok
[josephmedman] and one more question
[bioche2006] thats is the reason as i had discussed it when i had doubt with medicne attending
[josephmedman] when they say its use is for shock
[josephmedman] is it hemmorhagic shock or ischemic shock?
[erum] hi all
[josephmedman] because i know it can be used to draw fluid from the brain
[josephmedman] to promote urine excretion..
[bioche2006] hemorrhagic to reduce edema
[niks] taking about mannitol?
[josephmedman] yeah niks
[josephmedman] haha i was actually waiting for you
[niks] oh I came late sorry
[josephmedman] but biochem answered me..
[josephmedman] no its ok..
[josephmedman] wait..so how does it bring fluid into the systemic circulation?
[niks] yes its given in cerebral edema
[bioche2006] in hemorrhagic storke u use it to suck up fluid
perhaps has joined subroom: USMLE_Step_1
[josephmedman] i know it blocks NACL absorption to bring it into the tubules but can you explain how it is brought into systemic circulation
[niks] yes I know the answer but Im trying to make out what you are asking joe...
[bioche2006] mannitol increses fluid osmolrity so fluid moves from interstium as well intracellular level to systemic
[niks] yes ...
[bioche2006] and then it goes to heart and gets pulmonary circulation loaded
[bioche2006] and pulmonary edema occurs
[bioche2006] thats why u never give mannitol in left entricular failure
[josephmedman] ahhhh
[josephmedman] ok i got it now..
[bioche2006] think outside kidney too joseph
[josephmedman] thanks bioch..appreciate it
[josephmedman] let me write this down real quick and well start in a minute
[bioche2006] u r welcome
[josephmedman] ok
[josephmedman] lets start up
[josephmedman] thanks again by the way..
[josephmedman] ok..coxsackie virus..what age does it usually affect?
[bioche2006] young and old
[bioche2006] ?
[josephmedman] mc age is 3-10
[Nedal05] childerns
[josephmedman] how does it present?
[Nedal05] myocarditis
[niks] also diarrhoea
[saimakm] hand foot mouth dis
[usmle.doc] coxsackie a herpangina and hand foot mouth disease and coxsacikie b myocarditis?
[josephmedman] fever vescicles in mouth and extremities
[niks] herpangina
[josephmedman] where does herpes simplex 1 remain dormant usually?
[bioche2006] trigeminal
[usmle.doc] trigeminal ganglion
[Nedal05] trigeminal
[josephmedman] where does recurrent usually occur?
[bioche2006] along it distribution og trigeminal
[josephmedman] vermillion border of lip
[Nedal05] lips
[doki] site of primary infection
[erum] uper border lips
[josephmedman] what pre aids lesion does EBV cause? and how does it present..
[perhaps] hairy leukoplasia
[usmle.doc] hairy leukoplakia
[josephmedman] how does it present
[erum] leukilplakia
[perhaps] whitish membrane on tongue
[erum] on tongue
[saimakm] lat border of tongue
[niks] on the lateral border of toungue
[josephmedman] bilateral hairy ex. on lateral border of tongue
[Nedal05] tongue lesion
[josephmedman] are majority of s. pyogenes viral or bacterial?
[saimakm] bac
[josephmedman] no..viral
[saimakm] really
[josephmedman] ok..with candida infection..
[josephmedman] where is it located to be considered preAIDS
[josephmedman] yeah its maj. viral..its tricky..
[erum] esophagus
[usmle.doc] esophagus
[Nedal05] esophagus
[josephmedman] good
[bioche2006] eso
[josephmedman] where does actinomyces israeli have draning sinuses?
[perhaps] jaw
[bioche2006] face area around jaw
[usmle.doc] jaw
[erum] jaw
[Nedal05] fascial
[josephmedman] good..where does it contain its bacteria?
[erum] intracellular
[Nedal05] sliver granules
[josephmedman] sulfur granules..
[usmle.doc] in the sulphur granules bacteria are present
[bioche2006] no they r colonies
[josephmedman] what is the MC site of squamous of thje mouth?
[erum] lower lip
[usmle.doc] lower lip
[Nedal05] lat tongue
[saimakm] palat
[josephmedman] their sulfur granules contain bacteria
[josephmedman] where is it located on lip(squamous)?
[bioche2006] sulfur grnaules are nothing but colonies of bacteria appearing as sulfur granules
[niks] behind the ower lip...side of the mouth and mouth floor
[erum] sulfur granules r the bact colonies
[saimakm] lower lip
[Nedal05] lower
[josephmedman] what is on upper lip?
[perhaps] basal
[bioche2006] basal
[saimakm] basal
[erum] basal cell
[Nedal05] BSC
[usmle.doc] basal cell ca
[josephmedman] where are the polyps of peutz jegherz?
[saimakm] small intes
[niks] good ponits...these are deficient in the stars...
[Nedal05] small intestine
[usmle.doc] in the small intestine
[erum] intestine s
[josephmedman] where else can they present?
[niks] small intestine
[bioche2006] mucosal
[erum] armpits
[josephmedman] sigmoid colon also..
[Nedal05] oral pigmentation
[josephmedman] polyps i asked
[bioche2006] ok
[josephmedman] yes but it presents with hyperpigmentation
[erum] hyperpigmentation in thier
[josephmedman] what is the MC infection of the salivary glands?
[Nedal05] mumps
[josephmedman] mumps..
[erum] mumps
[bioche2006] mumps
[ppliutcm] mumps
[josephmedman] what is the amylase level?
[bioche2006] incresed
[niks] inc
[erum] inc
[usmle.doc] incereased
[josephmedman] what is the MC tumor?
[Nedal05] high
[bioche2006] mixed
[perhaps] mixed tumor
[josephmedman] good
[Nedal05] mixed
[usmle.doc] pleomorphic adenoma
[erum] mixed
[niks] mied
[josephmedman] what is the MC malig tumor of salivary glands?
[saimakm] pleomorphic
[Nedal05] adeno ca
[bioche2006] adno
[erum] adeno
[josephmedman] mucoepidermoid carcinoma..
[niks] mucoepidermod
[bioche2006] oh
[saimakm] mucoepid
[josephmedman] what is it when you have dysphagia for solids but not liquids?
[Nedal05] tumor
[niks] obstruction
[erum] ca
[bioche2006] cancer
[usmle.doc] obstruction
[saimakm] obstructon
[josephmedman] good
[josephmedman] what are some examples
[erum] ca
[Nedal05] ca
[niks] plummer winson
[erum] tumor
[bioche2006] cance strictures
[erum] plumer
[saimakm] esophageal web
[erum] winson
[josephmedman] plummer vinson with esop webs with iron def. anemia, cancer, barrets with ulcer
[Nedal05] stricture
[josephmedman] what is it when you have dysphagia for solids and liquids?
[bioche2006] achalsaisa
[niks] motor aphagia
[erum] achalasia
[Nedal05] achalsia
[saimakm] motility prob\
[josephmedman] perstalsis problem..MCC achalasia..
[josephmedman] what is achalasia?
[niks] PSS
[bioche2006] faliure of realxn of les
[Nedal05] no ganglion
[erum] abscence of motor neuron
[josephmedman] failure of LES to relax..ganglion cells are destroyed..
[bioche2006] rt
[josephmedman] if you ge t apt. that comews into the hospital and vomits out the food they ate when they goto sleep it is achalasia
[josephmedman] what is TE fistula?
[bioche2006] upper end mmets trachea lower end blindly
[erum] remnant of embryological
[Nedal05] trecha -esophagus connection
[niks] blind proximal end
[josephmedman] what will be present in the mother in pregnancy?
[niks] and distal communicates with trachea
[saimakm] due to polyhyd
[erum] connection
[josephmedman] good
[Nedal05] poly
[erum] polyhtyd
[josephmedman] wait..
[josephmedman] its not due to polyhydramnios
[erum] no but it causes it
[perhaps] it leads to poly
[bioche2006] diabetes
[josephmedman] polyhydramnios is a result of it..
[niks] yes it leads to poly
[saimakm] ok thanks
docmaina2004 has left the chat.
[Nedal05] fistula
[josephmedman] ok
[josephmedman] scenario
[niks] coz baby cant swallow amniotic fluid
[Nedal05] rt
[josephmedman] pt. comes in with fetid odor to breath
[josephmedman] and has dysphagia
[josephmedman] what is it?
[bioche2006] achalasia
[perhaps] zanker reticulaum
[josephmedman] good
[Nedal05] diverticulus
[josephmedman] mc diverticulum in esoph.
[erum] diverticulum z
[perhaps] i spelled wrong
[josephmedman] is there peristalsis in Hirschsprung?
[bioche2006] no
[erum] no
[saimakm] no
[usmle.doc] no
[niks] yes in colon
[niks] no in esophagus
[Nedal05] yes
[josephmedman] YES
[perhaps] yes?
[erum] no
[Nedal05] in upper part
[bioche2006] ?
[josephmedman] proximal bowel is dilated but there IS peristalsis
[Nedal05] achalis no
[josephmedman] exactly
[niks] but in nesophagus hirshprung...proximal bowel dilated but not peristatltic
[josephmedman] what has proximal bowel dilation with NO peristalsis?>
[perhaps] sclerosis
[josephmedman] exactly
[Nedal05] sclerosis
[josephmedman] PSS/CREST
[josephmedman] try to remember that difference..
[erum] crest
[Nedal05] rt
[josephmedman] what is MC cancer in esophagus?
[Nedal05] SSC
[usmle.doc] squamous
[bioche2006] still squamous
[josephmedman] no
[erum] adeno
[josephmedman] yes
[saimakm] adeno
[niks] adeno
[josephmedman] where does it occur in esophagus?
[Nedal05] which part
[bioche2006] lower
[niks] no its squamous I think
[erum] loer part
[saimakm] lower 4
[niks] are you sure joe?
[saimakm] sorry 3
[bioche2006] yeah i too think squamous
[josephmedman] thats what goljan has niks
[Nedal05] middle SCC
[josephmedman] im just going with it..
[bioche2006] and middle part
[bioche2006] ok
[josephmedman] SCC is in mid esophagus..
[bioche2006] then no question
[niks] ok joe....thanks
[josephmedman] adeno in distal
[Nedal05] lower -adeno
[erum] rt
[erum] due to barrets
[josephmedman] these things are tricky bec. diff. books have diff things
[bioche2006] rt
[Nedal05] rt
[josephmedman] but i have friends that got 99's with goljan
[josephmedman] thats why i like stickign with him
[niks] hey its wierd...my goljan stars says squamous...sorry to interrupt...but its right infront of me
[josephmedman] what is the MCC of nocturnal cough?
[josephmedman] really?
[Nedal05] CHF
[josephmedman] hold up let me check merck
[perhaps] relux
[saimakm] gerd
[erum] gerd
[erum] he said adeno due to barrets
[niks] it says squam-60% and adeno 40%
[perhaps] About the esophagus cancer, I think world wide it is squamous, but in US it is adeno due to Gerd
[Nedal05] rt
[josephmedman] haha
[josephmedman] merk says this
[josephmedman] the most common types of esophageal cancers are squamous cell and adenocarcinoma
[josephmedman] that doesnt help much..
[erum] hehehe
[josephmedman] i think you are right perhaps..
[erum] goljan said adeno
[josephmedman] its like this question
[erum] due to barrets
[josephmedman] let me ask you guys
[josephmedman] what is the MCC of cirrhosis?
[bioche2006] wait joseph the incidence of adeno is rising but still scc is mcc
[bioche2006] alchol
[saimakm] alcohal
[Nedal05] alcholic
[josephmedman] what about worldwide?
[niks] alcohol
[ppliutcm] viral
[bioche2006] scc
[erum] hbv
[josephmedman] HCV
[niks] oh ok...
[niks] haha...
[Nedal05] HBV
[erum] not b?
[josephmedman] no..
[saimakm] hep
[bioche2006] alchol
[josephmedman] what is MCC of esophagitis in AIDS?
[bioche2006] candida
[usmle.doc] candidal
[erum] candidal
[saimakm] can
[Nedal05] CMV
[josephmedman] what is MCCOD as a complication of cirrhosis?
[niks] rupture of varises...
[usmle.doc] varices haemorrhage due to portal hypertension?
[Nedal05] rupture varicesee
[ppliutcm] joe, please confirm right answer.
[josephmedman] what is hammans mediastinal crunch?
[josephmedman] rupture of distal esoph.
[bioche2006] rt
[Nedal05] rupture esophagus
[josephmedman] air dissecting sub cutaneous..
[josephmedman] ok
[niks] oh thanks...
[josephmedman] you have a male 3 yrs of age vomiting non bile stained fluid..palpable mass on RUQ abdomen and there was hyperperistalsis..
[josephmedman] what is it?
[saimakm] pyloricn steno
[niks] pyloric stenosis
[bioche2006] rt
[Nedal05] dudenal atresia
[erum] pyloric srenisis
[bioche2006] pyloric ste
[Nedal05] sorry
[josephmedman] congenital pyloric stenosis
[josephmedman] what about if it was non bile stained?
[Nedal05] rt
[saimakm] it was
[bioche2006] it is non bile stained
[josephmedman] oops
[Nedal05] bile stained -dudenal
[josephmedman] i mean what if it was bile stained?
[erum] stained atresia
[bioche2006] duodenla
[usmle.doc] if it is bile stained it is duodenal atresia
[josephmedman] duodenal atresia..
[niks] if it was bile stained then it would be duodenal atresia
[saimakm] dudenal atresia
[Nedal05] rt
[richtian] cirum pan
[josephmedman] what genetic syndrome has a relationship with duodenal atresia?
[bioche2006] turner
[Nedal05] down
[niks] downs
[bioche2006] oh yeah down
[saimakm] down
[erum] down
[usmle.doc] downs
[josephmedman] hey biochem
[niks] double bubble sign is seen
[josephmedman] does turner have it too?
[josephmedman] i knwo about downs
[josephmedman] niks can you explain double bubble sign?
[bioche2006] i dont know i t is coaractation
[niks] sure!
[bioche2006] double bubble becoz of gas below and above constriction
[erum] on xray
[bioche2006] with turner coarctation
[josephmedman] what is the level of alpha feto protein in this patient?
[bioche2006] low
[niks] when we have duaodenal atresia..we see a dilated duodenum proximal to the obstruction...just below the stomach.......so it looks like a double bubble( one bubble is stomach air the other is duodenal
[Nedal05] high
[bioche2006] low in down
[josephmedman] yes
[josephmedman] it is low
[Nedal05] sorry low
[josephmedman] where would we have a high level?
[bioche2006] neural tube defects
[josephmedman] and what else..
[saimakm] ntdefects
[bioche2006] hepatolcellaur ca
[Nedal05] anencephaly
[ppliutcm] hcc
[josephmedman] good
[josephmedman] what would you see in the mother with duodenal atresia?
[saimakm] oligo
[perhaps] poly
[bioche2006] poly
[josephmedman] polyhydram.
[Nedal05] polt hydromus
[saimakm] no poly is right
[josephmedman] what is type 1 chronic atrophic gastritis
[bioche2006] cannot drink but urniation occuring hence poly
[saimakm] sotty about that
[usmle.doc] it is auto immune gastritis
[josephmedman] what is MCC of stomach cancer?
[usmle.doc] pyloroantrum
[bioche2006] helico bacter gastric umlcer
[Nedal05] H pylorus
[niks] H pylorus
[josephmedman] what syndrome is assoc. with MEN I?
[josephmedman] and where is this tumor located?
[bioche2006] gastrinoma hyper pth
[Nedal05] PPP
[niks] gastrinoma...
[josephmedman] whats PPP?
[bioche2006] pancrea
[josephmedman] no
[josephmedman] were in GI right now
[Nedal05] Zollinger
[josephmedman] what GI syndrome
[saimakm] duodenal ulcers
[josephmedman] good
[josephmedman] where is it located?
[perhaps] pancreas
[usmle.doc] pancreas
[josephmedman] ZE is the answer
[Nedal05] panc
[josephmedman] what protooncogene did we talk about yesterday
[josephmedman] assoc. with MEN
[perhaps] ret
[saimakm] ret
[josephmedman] good
[usmle.doc] ret
[erum] ret
[josephmedman] haha very good
[bioche2006] men always rt ho ho ho!!!!!!!!!!!!
[erum] hehehhe
[josephmedman] hahaha
[saimakm] that works
[erum] in thier dreams
[niks] hehehe
naive has left the chat.
[erum] but it works
[Nedal05] rt
[josephmedman] haha as long as it gets you the question right..women can be right and it is fine by me..
[josephmedman] HTLV 1 what cancer does it cause?
[perhaps] MALT tumor
[josephmedman] whats that perhaps?
[usmle.doc] human t cell leukemia
[bioche2006] t cell
[josephmedman] stomach cancer
[josephmedman] what country?
usmle.doc has left the chat.
[josephmedman] is MC
[niks] malignanat lymphoma
[bioche2006] japan
[josephmedman] japan
[ppliutcm] japen
[josephmedman] what is malt perhaps?
[perhaps] I think it is wrong. It is some lymphoma
[Nedal05] smoked food
[perhaps] in the GI tract
[bioche2006] mucoa associated lympahtic tissue
[josephmedman] oh ok..
[niks] malt is mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
[bioche2006] i mean git lympahtic tumours are cllawd malt
[josephmedman] MC extranodal site of lymphoma?
[bioche2006] stomach
[niks] stmach
[Nedal05] stomach
[josephmedman] what is the 2nd MC site?
[josephmedman] peyers patches in terminal ilium
[bioche2006] payer patches
[Nedal05] brian
[bioche2006] rt
[josephmedman] what is the MC benign tumor of the Gi tract?
[saimakm] adenoma
[josephmedman] leiomyoma
[Nedal05] adenoma
[niks] oh...
[saimakm] oh ok
[josephmedman] what is the MCC of malabsorption?
[niks] sprue
[erum] celiac
[Nedal05] pancratitis ch
[josephmedman] what is the diff between tropical sprue and celiac?
[richtian] infec
Unregistered has left the chat.
[josephmedman] this is impt actually
[niks] tropical has infectious cause
[josephmedman] what else..
[erum] celiac is xylose intolrence
[ppliutcm] celiac autoimmun
[bioche2006] rt
[erum] gluten sensitive
[niks] celiac is an imuunological response to gluten
[josephmedman] celiac penetrates entire wall
[bioche2006] no
[josephmedman] no?
[bioche2006] al villi are gonne
[erum] loss of villi
[bioche2006] not entire wall
[erum] flattened villi
[bioche2006] and celia asscited with skin disease too
[josephmedman] ok..then tropical is entire wall
[josephmedman] hold up..
[josephmedman] let me check
[erum] due to aito iimmune dec
[josephmedman] this was a qbank question..
[erum] auto immune destruction of villi
[bioche2006] yeah sure joseph !!!!!!!!! iam 100 percent sure loss of villli is celiac
[saimakm] rt
[richtian] what is difference between whipple and tropical sp
[josephmedman] what is it rich?
Please rephrase your last message.
[bioche2006] whipple is infection by tropho whippli bact
[richtian] whipples;s disease
[erum] inf by trope whip
[saimakm] ????
[niks] u mean to ask in stool?
Hanson has left the chat.
[niks] the sttol is rich in carbohyd, fat and nitrogen
[niks] all are increased in stool in sprue
[josephmedman] what HLA is celiac associated with?
[mlemle01] B8
[bioche2006] b 27?
[Nedal05] DR3
[saimakm] 27
[perhaps] B8, DR DQ
[josephmedman] good perhaps
[josephmedman] think dairy queen
[josephmedman] DQ
[erum] dq
[bioche2006] good
[niks] good one!
[perhaps] yes I remember that from the first chat. haha
[josephmedman] i think erum gave us that one
[erum] yep
[erum] i did
[niks] thanks erum
[erum] hehehe
[erum] welcome
[josephmedman] celiac predisposes for what type of lymphoma?
[josephmedman] thanks erum..;
[bioche2006] t cell
[mlemle01] Tcell
[erum] welcome
[josephmedman] what layer does whipples occur in?
[bioche2006] sub mucosa?
[josephmedman] lamina prop
[bioche2006] rt
[josephmedman] what type of skin pigmentation do you get?
[mlemle01] gray brown
[niks] gray brown....
[ppliutcm] black
[josephmedman] what is the MC invasive diarrhea?
[josephmedman] grey brown is right
[bioche2006] campy
[Nedal05] c jej
[niks] enterinvasive
[niks] oh yea...campylo
[bioche2006] campylo is most common
[josephmedman] is that high volume or low?
[bioche2006] then salmonell and shigella
[josephmedman] low
[erum] low
[bioche2006] low volume
[Nedal05] low
[josephmedman] do you have positive or negative fecal leukocytes?
[Nedal05] +
[erum] +ve
[josephmedman] positive
[niks] +
[bioche2006] any invasive poicitve wbc
[bioche2006] and fever
[josephmedman] what is the stim. to cause isotonic loss in diarrhea?
[Nedal05] bloody
[bioche2006] increse camp
[Nedal05] CAMP
[erum] camp
[bioche2006] cause by e coli toxi vibrio
[josephmedman] by what?
[josephmedman] increase cAMP by what?
[niks] Camp...vibrio
[bioche2006] vibrio and entero toxigenic
[erum] camp vibriocholera
[saimakm] vib,e colio
[Nedal05] adenyl cyclase
[bioche2006] increses adenylcyclase
[josephmedman] yes
[josephmedman] good
[josephmedman] see i thought that too
[erum] entero tox e coli
[josephmedman] goljan has guanylate cyclase written
[josephmedman] which didnt make sense
[josephmedman] because that would be cGMP right?
[Nedal05] rt
[josephmedman] ok..
[bioche2006] guanly cyclase is for stable toxin og e coli
[niks] oh...its guanylate cyclase for ST
[josephmedman] what is MC cause of travelers diarrhea?
[josephmedman] ST?
[bioche2006] wait e coli has heat labile which increses c amp and heat stable which increses guanyl
[josephmedman] what is ST?
[niks] haet stable toxin
[bioche2006] enterotoxigenic
[erum] heat sytable toxin
[bioche2006] wiat
[niks] bioche is right...
[Nedal05] entro E coli\
[bioche2006] incresed c amp will cause incresed secretion of sodium and chloride and incresed cgmp will inhibit reabsorbption of fluids
[erum] entero tox for travelers
[niks] and this is the most common cause of traveler"s diarr
[erum] rt bio
[josephmedman] ok
[josephmedman] thanks..
[niks] bioche...excellent!!
[bioche2006] oh we just did micro that why thanks i am liking it
[josephmedman] wht is MCC of child diarrhea and what is MCC of adult?
[erum] :cl
[bioche2006] rota in child
[erum] gooo bio
[niks] rota child...
[saimakm] rota virus
[Nedal05] Rota for kids
[erum] rota child
[bioche2006] e coli i think for adults
[bioche2006] not sure
[Nedal05] norwalk adult
[erum] ecoli
[josephmedman] wait..
[josephmedman] im a little confused
[josephmedman] if increase in cAMP will cause increased secretion of Na and CL then what is the tonicity of the diarrhea?
[bioche2006] so smae amount of water will alos pull along
[bioche2006] it is isotnic
[josephmedman] so still hypotonic right?
[erum] inc secretion of na cl in gut
[josephmedman] oh..
[Nedal05] iso
[bioche2006] in adults always isotonic
[perhaps] isotonic
[erum] and water comes w/ it
[niks] isotonic.....
[josephmedman] ok..
[saimakm] hypo in infants
[bioche2006] kid diarrhea is hypotnic
[josephmedman] thanks
[josephmedman] ok so its rota for kids and norwalk for adults
[bioche2006] remebr physio kaplan fluids
[bioche2006] ok thanks joseph
[josephmedman] infants eating spores in honey get waht?
[bioche2006] botulism
[erum] botuli
[niks] botulism
[saimakm] botulinum
[Nedal05] botulism
[josephmedman] what causes psedo mem colitis?
[niks] ophisthotonus
[erum] flaccid paralysis
[niks] clostridium
[josephmedman] what is that niks?
[erum] cl defficile
[saimakm] amoxicillin ,clinda
[josephmedman] good
[niks] joe that happens in botulism...
[bioche2006] they get botulism infection and adults gets toxin
[josephmedman] what causes psedomembranes in throat?
[niks] its the rigidity
[bioche2006] pertusis
[saimakm] diptheria
[perhaps] diphtherea
[josephmedman] oh ok..thanks..
[Nedal05] diphteria
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[josephmedman] c. diphtheria
[bioche2006] oh sorry dip
[erum] dip
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[josephmedman] what organism is associated with HUS?
[bioche2006] ehec
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[perhaps] O157:H7
[niks] EHEC
[saimakm] entero hemor
[josephmedman] ?
[erum] ahec
[bioche2006] rt perhaps thats the strain good
[josephmedman] what organism
[Nedal05] shigella toxin
[erum] ecoli
[josephmedman] shigella also
[niks] Ecoli
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[josephmedman] wow perhaps..
[josephmedman] impressive
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[perhaps] thanks
[josephmedman] i would never be able to remember that for the life of me..
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[josephmedman] what else is shigella associated with?
[bioche2006] when u will see chocies wu will get answer rt joseph
[perhaps] Goljan said you can forget your phone # but not this
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[niks] hemorghagic diarrhoea
[bioche2006] ankylosing spody
[Nedal05] diarrhea
[josephmedman] hah hope so
[josephmedman] yeah ankylosing spond
[josephmedman] hey guys
[josephmedman] heres a question
[josephmedman] is ankylosing more common in cervical region or lumbar
[saimakm] pseudo mem
[erum] cervical
[niks] ?
[josephmedman] no
[bioche2006] lumbar
[erum] no lumbar
[josephmedman] its actually lumbar sacral
[erum] lumbosacral
[erum] sorry
[niks] oh...thanks..
[josephmedman] what is the MC protozoal pathogen in AIDS?
[saimakm] mai
[bioche2006] toxo
[Nedal05] crptoccos
[ppliutcm] toxa
[erum] toxoplas
[josephmedman] cryptosporidium parvum
[josephmedman] what is the most common protozoal cause of diarrhea in the US?
[erum] ameba?
[ppliutcm] ameba
[Nedal05] Gardasis
[niks] microsporidium and cryptosporidium
[josephmedman] giardia(day care, mountains)
[saimakm] giardia
[erum] giardia
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[josephmedman] what is the MCC of abdominal abcess?
[niks] oh...
[saimakm] staph
[erum] amebiasis
[bioche2006] we cnanot say toxo or crypto
[josephmedman] due to perforated appendicitus..
[Nedal05] appenditis
[bioche2006] ther r no where writtien most common
[josephmedman] what is the MCC of bowel obstruction?
[erum] diverticulosis
[Nedal05] ca
[josephmedman] adhesions from previous surgery
[josephmedman] indirect inguinal hernia is 2nd
[erum] ok tx joe
[niks] diverticulosis is most common cause of hematochesia erum
[josephmedman] a child comes in with colicky abd. pain and bloody diarrhea?
[josephmedman] yes niks
[josephmedman] thats correct
[erum] yep i remember now tx niks
[perhaps] vulvulus?
[niks] welcome
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[Nedal05] meckels diveticulum
[josephmedman] intussecption
[erum] intesusepti
[niks] intessuption!
[josephmedman] hey guys
[josephmedman] how would someone with volvulus present?
[Nedal05] intestinal obst
[josephmedman] i know
[niks] severe pain on that site....blood in stool
[josephmedman] i mean in the clinic
[saimakm] obs
[erum] severe pain
[niks] intestinal obstruction symptoms
[saimakm] and infarc
[Nedal05] pain
[erum] abdominal pain
[josephmedman] wait so how would you differentiate from intussusception?
[Nedal05] vomtung
[richtian] age
[josephmedman] in symptoms?
[niks] hmm...
[bioche2006] intissuscetion u see in kid
[bioche2006] volvulus u see in elderly
[josephmedman] oh yeah..
[josephmedman] thas right..
[erum] age differnc
[niks] intessuption is seen most commonly in junction of ileum to caecum
[Nedal05] by age
[josephmedman] ok
[bioche2006] same way diverticulitis in elderly adn paeendi in young
[bioche2006] appendicitis in young
[erum] and intess is slowly progressing
[josephmedman] if you have an xray with dilated small bowel and lack of peristalsis of a small portion of bowel what is it?
[erum] volvulus is acute
[josephmedman] but diverticulitis is left sided vs. appendicitis being right sided
[bioche2006] not necessary
[Nedal05] obstruction
[bioche2006] joseph read kaplan q bank questions
[josephmedman] oh ok..
[erum] referd pain can be on any side
[bioche2006] they say elderly presenting exactly like appendicits symptoms
[josephmedman] oh ok..
[erum] rt
[bioche2006] but answer is diverticulits
[josephmedman] interesting..
[josephmedman] but elderly can get appendicitus also
[bioche2006] yeah beco zi got it wrong twice s i have written it
[josephmedman] haha
[bioche2006] on wall
[bioche2006] hahahaha
[erum] hehee
[josephmedman] answer to previous question is sentinal loop
[josephmedman] what is the difference between a small bowel infarct and ischemic colitis?
[bioche2006] ischemis coems and goes
[bioche2006] infarct is acute emergency
[Nedal05] bloody diahrea
[josephmedman] small bowel pain will be diffuse
[bioche2006] due atherosclerosis
[josephmedman] what is the MC location for cancer in the GI?
[erum] colon
[ppliutcm] colon
[Nedal05] sigmoid
[josephmedman] sigmoid colon
[bioche2006] sigmoid
[niks] colon..
[josephmedman] internal hemmorhoids does it have pain?
[niks] no
[ppliutcm] no
[bioche2006] no
[erum] no
[josephmedman] does it bleed?
[bioche2006] yes
[ppliutcm] yes
[niks] yep
[erum] yrep
[josephmedman] does external have pain?
[ppliutcm] ye
[saimakm] yes
[bioche2006] yes
[niks] very much
[josephmedman] does it bleed?
[erum] yep
[bioche2006] bledd yes
[saimakm] yes
[niks] yes...
[erum] eys
[josephmedman] familial polyposis
[josephmedman] what chromosome
[saimakm] 5
[bioche2006] 5
[erum] 5
[josephmedman] and what is it an inactivation of?
[bioche2006] apcc
[josephmedman] p53
[erum] p53
[niks] apc
[josephmedman] what is the MC extraintestinal manifestation of familial polyposis syndrome?
[perhaps] polycystic?
[niks] mandible
[niks] ca
[josephmedman] congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment..
[niks] I mewan benign osteomas of mandible
[josephmedman] what is the MC site of carcinoid tumors?
[bioche2006] appendix
[erum] lung
[niks] appendix
[Nedal05] appendix
[josephmedman] appendix..
[erum] oh soory
[josephmedman] what is the MC type that mets?
[perhaps] liver
[bioche2006] intestinal
[ppliutcm] lung
[josephmedman] where i mean..
[josephmedman] small intestine
[josephmedman] mets to liver
[bioche2006] liver
[Nedal05] terminal ileum
[niks] terminal ileum
[josephmedman] produces carcinoid syndrome
[josephmedman] what side of heart can it mets to?
[bioche2006] when it metastasis to liver then carcinoid syndrome
[bioche2006] rt
[Nedal05] tri
[bioche2006] right
[niks] right
[erum] rt
[josephmedman] good
[josephmedman] what is acute appendicitus most commonly due to?
[bioche2006] fecolith
[josephmedman] viral infection(adenovirus)
[erum] fecal obs
[Nedal05] fecal obst
[josephmedman] what is the mc complication?
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[erum] infection
[bioche2006] perforation
[josephmedman] in children
[Nedal05] perforation
[erum] perforat
[josephmedman] appendicitis is MC do to fecalith
[josephmedman] oops
[josephmedman] sorry i meant in adults MC due to fecal lith
[josephmedman] children MC due to viral infection
[josephmedman] sorry bout that..
[erum] rt
[bioche2006] that fine
[niks] yep
[josephmedman] thats it guys..