[perhaps] what cancer is associated with DCC?
[perhaps] DCC gene
[bioche2006] colon
[perhaps] yes
[erum] colon
[perhaps] which chromosome is DCC at?
[josephmedman] hey guys
[perhaps] hey
[bioche2006] 5
[usmle.doc] 5
[josephmedman] what is DCC?
[niks] hi joe
[erum] hi
[perhaps] DCC at 18
[bioche2006] oh
[josephmedman] DCC
[josephmedman] ?
[perhaps] DCC is a tumor suppressor gene for colon cancer
[josephmedman] oh ok..
[perhaps] at chromosome 5
[bioche2006] here comes joseph
[perhaps] from kaplan
[niks] oh...
[perhaps] wait
[bioche2006] i thouhg chromosome 5
[perhaps] no it is 18 sorry
[perhaps] in the kaplan table
[josephmedman] wait..is it at 5 or 18 perhaps?
[perhaps] 18
[perhaps] oops
[perhaps] yes 18
[josephmedman] just like edwards
[josephmedman] ha
[niks] its in kaplan patho?
[josephmedman] hey quick thing to tell all of you guys..
[josephmedman] there is an ecfmg bulletin up
[josephmedman] after october 1st
[josephmedman] they are making a stronger curve for USMLE step 2 both parts
[josephmedman] it was on the website;..
[josephmedman] just wanted to let you guys know
[bioche2006] stronger curve?
[niks] ehat does that mean...difficult quest?
[josephmedman] they are reassesing
[josephmedman] well it will make it more difficult to pass
[josephmedman] because their passing rate is too high
[josephmedman] so they will curve down..
[erum] good timing
[josephmedman] anyone who takes exam between oct. 1st and nov. 15th they said it will take 8 -12 weeks to get result back
[niks] oh too bad
[josephmedman] during this period..
[josephmedman] how far did you guys get?
[josephmedman] in neoplasia
[bioche2006] u r king of questions i guess everyone was waitin fro u
[niks] just one DCC quest...
[erum] i was hoping step 2 would be easy
[niks] yea...
[niks] step 2 is easier..erum ..I heard
[saimakm] notanymore
[erum] yep thats what i heard too ..but not any more
[niks] oh...
[bioche2006] lets clear step 1 first
[niks] haha...
[niks] very true
[saimakm] first comes first
[erum] rt lets do it
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[josephmedman] man.they kicked me off and i couldnt get back on
[bioche2006] retinobalstome gene
docmaina2004 has left the chat.
richtian has left the chat.
[erum] that happens to all josephmedman
[josephmedman] oh yeah..oh ok..
[bioche2006] ok joseph start
ypoornima has left the chat.
svb has left the chat.
[erum] ch 13
bioche2006 has left the chat.
[saimakm] 17
[saimakm] 17
[josephmedman] rb gene is on what?
[perhaps] 13
[usmle.doc] 13
erum has left the chat.
[josephmedman] ok here we go..
[erum] kicked me out
[josephmedman] dont worry erum
[josephmedman] im right about to start up
[josephmedman] ok..
saimakm has left the chat.
[erum] ok
saimakm has joined subroom: USMLE_Step_1
[josephmedman] where do squamouis cell carcinomas occur?
[erum] lower lip
[josephmedman] where else..
[niks] Cx oesophagus
[bioche2006] skin
[bioche2006] middel esophagus
[bioche2006] penis
[niks] larynx lung
[bioche2006] larynx
[erum] oh ok skin esophagus lung
[josephmedman] oral pharynx, mid esophagus, larynx, lung, cervix/vagina, skin, anus, penis..
[bioche2006] bladder with schistoma infection
[josephmedman] where do adenocarcinomas occur?
[svb] liver
[bioche2006] al glandular intestinal lower esophagus
[bioche2006] renal
[niks] stomack
[erum] stomach esophagus distal part
[josephmedman] DISTAL esophagus, stomach, colon, pancreas, breast, kidney, prostate, liver and lung
[josephmedman] where do transitional carc occur?
[niks] bladder
[erum] bladder
[bioche2006] bladder urniayr tract
[ppliutcm] bladder
[usmle.doc] bladder an d renal pelvis ureter
[bioche2006] renal pelvis
[josephmedman] what are APUD tumors, what do they contain, develop?
[niks] also ureter and pelvis
[bioche2006] serotonin
[usmle.doc] neuroendocrine cells
[niks] carcinoid
[niks] smallcell ca
[bioche2006] small cell carcinoma carcinoid
[niks] neuroblastoma
[perhaps] neuroblastoma
[niks] contain bombesin
[josephmedman] neuroendocrine tumors, neurosecretory granules, s100 positive, neural crest/ectoderm, small cell carcinoma of the lung, carcinois, melanoma, neuroblastoma
[niks] oh sorry bombesin is the marker
[josephmedman] for APUD niks?
[josephmedman] bombesin is hte marker?
[bioche2006] muslce
[niks] yes ..bombesin is marker for SCC and neuroblastoma
[niks] not all apud
[josephmedman] what gene is involved in neuroblastoma?
[usmle.doc] n myc
[bioche2006] rt
[niks] nmyc
[josephmedman] good
[niks] due to gene amplification
[josephmedman] what type of tissue are sarcomas made from?
[bioche2006] connective
[usmle.doc] mesenchymal
[niks] connective tissue
[erum] connective
[bioche2006] catilage bone blood vessesl
[josephmedman] what is the MC sarcoma in children?
[bioche2006] adipose
[usmle.doc] embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
[bioche2006] rhabdomyo
[josephmedman] good
[niks] rhabdomyo
[erum] rhabdomyo
[josephmedman] and waht about adults?
[josephmedman] what is the MC?
[bioche2006] osteogenic?
[erum] fib histio
[josephmedman] malig. fibrous histiocytoma..
[usmle.doc] fibrous histiocyto
[bioche2006] tx
[niks] oh...
[josephmedman] what type of spread do you get with that?
[niks] tx
[bioche2006] blood vessels
[usmle.doc] haematogenous
[josephmedman] good
[niks] hemato
[erum] hemato
[josephmedman] what is teh MC adult leukemia?
[perhaps] cll
[ppliutcm] cll
[niks] CLL
[erum] cll
[josephmedman] MC childhook leukemia?
[svb] all
[perhaps] ALL
[niks] ALL
[bioche2006] all
[usmle.doc] all
[josephmedman] mc LYMPHOMA?
Yousef has left the chat.
[perhaps] metastatic?
[usmle.doc] follicular lymphoma
[josephmedman] non hodgkins follicular
[josephmedman] what gene involved?
[bioche2006] bcl2
[niks] bcl2
[josephmedman] what is the most common extranodal site"?
[erum] bcl2
[usmle.doc] stomach
[josephmedman] what type of spread in carcinomas?"
[erum] stomach
[bioche2006] payer patches
[bioche2006] lymphatic
[usmle.doc] lymphatic
[niks] lymphatic
[erum] lymph
[josephmedman] sarcomas?
[bioche2006] bv
[usmle.doc] haemato
[niks] heamto
[erum] hema
[josephmedman] ok..
[josephmedman] so how are renal cell and hepatocellular carcinomas marked?
[bioche2006] renal cell liveradeno follicular of thyroid
[bioche2006] by bv
[josephmedman] what type of spread?
[usmle.doc] blood spread
[josephmedman] good
[josephmedman] what is secreted in trophoblastic tumors?
[bioche2006] hcg
[niks] hcg
[usmle.doc] hcg
[erum] hcg
[josephmedman] what is the key thing to detect if somethin gis malignant?
[bioche2006] matastasis
[josephmedman] ability to mets.
[erum] metastasis
[josephmedman] what do malignant cells contain to dissolve basement membranes?
[niks] laminin receptors?
[bioche2006] collagenase
[perhaps] collgenase
[usmle.doc] collagnases
[niks] collagenase
[josephmedman] what maetalloenzyme is in collagenases?
[erum] collagenase
[bioche2006] zn
[niks] Zn
[erum] zinc
[usmle.doc] zn
[josephmedman] and type of collagenase
[bioche2006] type4
[usmle.doc] type 4
[niks] 4
[josephmedman] type 4
[erum] type 4
[josephmedman] what factors support angiogenesis and collagen dep. in malig. cells?
[niks] Growth factors
[bioche2006] fgf
[usmle.doc] fgf vegf
[josephmedman] TGF-Alpha
[erum] tgf a
[usmle.doc] ok
[niks] oh...thnkx
[bioche2006] thnaks joseph
[josephmedman] what tissues are resistant to invasion?
[bioche2006] muscle
[junglemits] arteries
[erum] cartilage and elastic
[junglemits] elastic arteries only
[josephmedman] mature cartilage and elastic tissue in arteries
[josephmedman] good erum
[junglemits] and cartilage
[erum] tx
[josephmedman] what is MC type of mets?
[erum] bone
[niks] bone from prostate Ca
[josephmedman] no
[junglemits] lymph node
[bioche2006] lymph
[erum] lykph
[josephmedman] lymphatics
[niks] oh...
[josephmedman] what is the MC typoe of hematogenous spread?
[erum] sarcoma
[niks] renal cell Ca
[usmle.doc] lung ca?
[ppliutcm] sarcoma
[josephmedman] lung
[erum] lung
[bioche2006] i dont understnad
[josephmedman] what part of the lymph node do carcinomas usually mets?
[niks] thanx
[junglemits] ?
[bioche2006] cortex
[josephmedman] subscapular sinus..
[josephmedman] what is the MC site for seeding?
[ppliutcm] cavity
[usmle.doc] peritoneum ovaries
[josephmedman] peritoneal cavity/
[junglemits] why cortex
[erum] peritoneal
[josephmedman] if you see an xray with multiple lesions what is it?
[erum] mets
[josephmedman] what is the MC site for bone mets?
[erum] vertebra
[josephmedman] ok where specifically though?
[saimakm] vertebra
[usmle.doc] lumbosascral
[josephmedman] batson vertebral venous plexus..
[usmle.doc] ok
[erum] lumbo sac
[niks] oh ok
[josephmedman] what is the MC type of osteoblastic mets?
[erum] batsons plexus
[usmle.doc] prostate
[niks] prostate
[bioche2006] breast and prostate
[erum] prostate
[usmle.doc] breast are mixed
[josephmedman] good
[josephmedman] what happens to serum alk phos?
[bioche2006] incresed
[niks] increased
[erum] inc
[josephmedman] what is the MC type of osteolytic mets?
[usmle.doc] icr
[saimakm] lung
[niks] renal adeno
[bioche2006] lung
[erum] lung
madalasa has left the chat.
[niks] and squamous cell ca lung
[josephmedman] PTH like peptide released from tumor w/o bone mets
[josephmedman] from where?
[niks] squamous cell Ca lung
[usmle.doc] renal and small cell ca of lung
[bioche2006] suqmaous cell ca of lung
[josephmedman] good
[josephmedman] one sec..
[josephmedman] brb
[usmle.doc] sorry squamous
[saimakm] sq of lung
[erum] sq lung ca
[josephmedman] ok
[josephmedman] yeah its squamous
[josephmedman] and renal
[josephmedman] where is breast cancer mets more than primary?
[junglemits] lung
[bioche2006] lung
[josephmedman] and..
[junglemits] bone
[saimakm] lung
[josephmedman] good
[bioche2006] bone
[junglemits] lymphatics
[erum] lung bone
[josephmedman] where is lung cancer more common?
[saimakm] apex
[bioche2006] cetral area
[josephmedman] no
[erum] liver brain
[josephmedman] liver and brain
[bioche2006] oh u rasking metastasis!!!!!!!!!!!!1
[josephmedman] mets site for common cancers?
[saimakm] did not mention
[bioche2006] understood now thnakyou
[niks] relax bioche..haha
[josephmedman] haha..
[bioche2006] sure niks
[erum] hehehe
[josephmedman] virchow's left sup. clavicular node--> stomach adenocarcinoma
[josephmedman] where is mets for colorectal?
[junglemits] and pancreatic
[junglemits] liver
[josephmedman] liver
[bioche2006] lung
[junglemits] but mc to liver is lung
[erum] liver
[niks] liver?
Unregistered has left the chat.
[perhaps] yes
[josephmedman] yeah mets for colorectal is liver niks
[niks] oh thanx
[josephmedman] what is mets. for renal?
[junglemits] liver
[erum] lung
[junglemits] ?
[josephmedman] lung
[junglemits] oh- lung
[josephmedman] where is mets for lung?
[perhaps] bone
[usmle.doc] bone
[erum] adrenal liver
[josephmedman] adrenal/liver
[svb] liver
[josephmedman] good erum
[perhaps] ?
[usmle.doc] ok
[josephmedman] where is mets for melanoma?
[erum] tx
[erum] liver lung
[josephmedman] liver/lung..
[josephmedman] where is mets for prostate?
[junglemits] bone
[erum] bone
docmaina2004 has left the chat.
[niks] bone
[josephmedman] where is mets for testicular cancer?
[erum] paraaortic ln
[usmle.doc] paraaortic lymphnodes
[junglemits] paraaortic lymphnodes
[saimakm] para aortic
[josephmedman] good
[docmaina2004] tytderdd
[josephmedman] stains in cancer next
[docmaina2004] cfd
[docmaina2004] dfd
[josephmedman] carcinomas?
[erum] cea
[erum] cyto keratin
[josephmedman] cytokeratin intermediate filaments
[junglemits] cytokeratin
[josephmedman] sarcoma?
[bioche2006] keratin
[junglemits] vimentin
[erum] desmin
[bioche2006] vimen
[josephmedman] desmin
[josephmedman] ok next EM findings
[josephmedman] where do we find tonofilaments?
[junglemits] i thought desmin was for muscle?!
[junglemits] no?
[niks] carcinoma
[josephmedman] epith. tumor..
[josephmedman] where do we find weihel palade bodies?
[bioche2006] endotherlia
[niks] angiosarcoma
[erum] tonofilamr
[josephmedman] angio and kaposi sarcoma
[josephmedman] where do we find myofilaments?
[erum] endothelial cells
[josephmedman] this one is easy
[josephmedman] word it in it..
[josephmedman] myo
[niks] rhabdo myo
[erum] rhabdo
[bioche2006] rhabdo
[josephmedman] rhabdomyosarcoma
[josephmedman] birbeck granules?
[bioche2006] histio
[josephmedman] histiocytic tumors
[saimakm] histo
[usmle.doc] histiocytoma
[erum] histio
[niks] histiocytosisX
[junglemits] cd 1
[josephmedman] ok next protooncogenes
[josephmedman] sis?
[niks] growth factor promotion gene
[josephmedman] ny namonic for this..my SISter helped me to GROW
[junglemits] sis
[niks] mutated by overexpression
[josephmedman] erb b2 and ret?
[niks] yea...mine Too hahaha
[josephmedman] haha
[josephmedman] nice niks
[perhaps] amplification
[josephmedman] great minds think alike
[erum] g f
[josephmedman] growth factor receptors
[josephmedman] ras?
[niks] haha..yea
[erum] hehehe
[perhaps] g proten
[niks] its GtP binding protein
[josephmedman] signal transduction involving GTP
[josephmedman] abl?
[perhaps] tyrosine kinase
[niks] point mutation
[josephmedman] signal transduction involving non receptor typriosine kinase..
[erum] tyr kin
[niks] tyrosine kinase
[josephmedman] n-myc?
[niks] amplification
[josephmedman] nuclear transcription regulators..
[erum] nuc transc
[josephmedman] what is the MC type of activation?
[josephmedman] point mutation
[josephmedman] fill in the blank
[josephmedman] 20-30 perent of invasive ductal carcinomas are due to amplification of ___________
[perhaps] erB2?
[bioche2006] erb2
[josephmedman] what chromosome is philidelphia on?
[erum] erb2
[junglemits] 9:22
[niks] 9
[bioche2006] 9;22
[erum] 22
[josephmedman] 22
[josephmedman] transclocation is 9:22
[erum] rt
[josephmedman] must know it is on 22 though.
[niks] hey,...I read that philadelphia is ch 9
[josephmedman] hmmm..
luckyal has joined subroom: USMLE_Step_1
[niks] in goljan stars
[saimakm] nonono
[josephmedman] im not sure niks
[josephmedman] maybe im wrong
[niks] I just read it joe...I'll check again though
[bioche2006] abl from 9 goes to bcr on 22
[saimakm] its on 22
[bioche2006] so ablbcr on 22
[niks] yes bioche but cm 9 is called phladelphia
[bioche2006] ok
[erum] 9 has abl
[josephmedman] ok
[erum] that goes to 22
[niks] yes joe..its in robbins review ques 4 in neoplasia...edition 2
[erum] makes phili
[josephmedman] CML occurs on 22 though right?
[bioche2006] my path study is 3 months old so cant comment
[niks] it says that cm 9 is philadelphia ch
[josephmedman] oh ok..
[niks] cabl fom ph ch goes to 22
[saimakm] no it says ch 22 is phledel
[josephmedman] goljan says 22
[niks] oh realy?...which book?
[erum] when abl goes to 22
[saimakm] see down in chart
[bioche2006] contoversila will read and discuss let move a head
[erum] it makes it phili
[niks] goljan stars?
[saimakm] yes
[josephmedman] no lecture
[josephmedman] maybe stars not sure..
[niks] ok...
[erum] says t
[saimakm] in the table
[niks] thanx
[erum] hat in lecture
[josephmedman] point mutation of ret?
[josephmedman] what syndrome is it?
[bioche2006] men
[erum] men
[niks] men
[josephmedman] ok here is a little sexist namonic
[josephmedman] but here it is anyway
[josephmedman] MEN are always RET(right)
[josephmedman] haha..
[niks] hmmm
[josephmedman] or girls can say..MEN always think they are RET(right)
[junglemits] niks hmmm
[erum] hehehe in thie dreamsr
[erum] may be
[josephmedman] whichever helps you rememeber it..
[junglemits] lol
[erum] it will work though....
[niks] yea in dreams
[erum] heheheee
[josephmedman] t8:14?
[niks] burkit
[junglemits] burkitt's
[erum] good one
[bioche2006] bur
[saimakm] burkets
[josephmedman] what virus?
[erum] burkits
[junglemits] 14;18
[junglemits] ebv
[bioche2006] ebv
[saimakm] ebv
[erum] ebv
[josephmedman] t14;18?
[niks] EBV
[bioche2006] follicular
[josephmedman] follicular
[saimakm] follicular lym
[erum] burkitts
[josephmedman] which is also the MC lymphoma
[junglemits] 11;14?
[luckyal] MN
[saimakm] non hod
[josephmedman] E6 and E7 in HPV inhibit what?
[perhaps] p53 and rb
[niks] kinases
[erum] p5
[bioche2006] p53
[erum] p53
[niks] oh yea...p53 nad rb
[junglemits] e6 - p53
[junglemits] e7 - rb
[josephmedman] polycyclic hydrocarbons are the MC chemical carcinogens in what cancer?
[junglemits] lung
[bioche2006] lung
mlemle01 has left the chat.
[erum] lung prostate
[niks] oseoph lung oral cavity larynx...many of them
[josephmedman] transitional of bladder, lung, squamous of pharynx and esoph, pancreatic, cervical
[niks] MC...dont know
[erum] ca bladder
[bioche2006] rt long list
[josephmedman] aflatoxins in which cancer?
[bioche2006] i though tlung is mc
[niks] hepatocellular
[bioche2006] liver
[perhaps] liver
[erum] hepato
[josephmedman] benzene in which cancer?
[bioche2006] leukemia
[niks] leukemia
[erum] leukemia
[josephmedman] cadmium?
[bioche2006] skin
[bioche2006] lung
[niks] prostate
[josephmedman] immunosippresive agents?
[bioche2006] which one correct
[perhaps] squamous
[niks] kaposi?
[josephmedman] prostate for cadmium
[bioche2006] oh
[erum] prostate
[josephmedman] squamous for imm supp agents
[josephmedman] HTLV 1?
[bioche2006] rt
[niks] oh..thnx
[bioche2006] t cell
[josephmedman] t cell leukemia
sanya has left the chat.
[josephmedman] htlv 2?
[niks] HTLV1
[josephmedman] hairy cell leukemia
[josephmedman] HIV?
[erum] hairy cell
[junglemits] 2 is hairy cell
[junglemits] 1 is t cell
[niks] HTLV2-hairy cell leukemia
[erum] cns lym
[josephmedman] cna lymphoma
[josephmedman] HPV type 16?
[niks] cirvix Ca
[bioche2006] larny
[saimakm] cervical
[josephmedman] squamous of cervix and anus(homosxuals)
[erum] cervix anus
[josephmedman] what is grade and stage of the cancer based on?
[josephmedman] this is qbank quest.
[junglemits] tnm
[niks] grade...morphology
[bioche2006] grade on base of histo and stage on based of metastasis
[erum] grade how it looks like
[josephmedman] histological appearance of tumor
[niks] stage-metastasis
[josephmedman] what is cachexia due to?
[erum] stage mets
[bioche2006] tnf
[luckyal] TNF
[josephmedman] TNF alpha..irreversible
[saimakm] tnf
[niks] cachesin...which is TNF
[luckyal] IL1
[erum] tnf
[josephmedman] MCC of fever in malignancy?
[junglemits] infectinpo
[bioche2006] IL1
[perhaps] infection
[niks] IL!
[junglemits] infection of gram -
[josephmedman] e coli cathetrer p. aeriginosa respirator..
[josephmedman] MCC of death in cancer?
[perhaps] infection?
[bioche2006] SEPTICEMIA
[josephmedman] MC paraneoplastic synd?
[junglemits] hyperca
[josephmedman] MC type?
[niks] hypercalcemia
[luckyal] small cell ca
[josephmedman] mets to bone
[niks] PTH...secretion by small cell Ca lung
[junglemits] squamous
[josephmedman] releast IL 1 PG E2
[josephmedman] what cancer secretes PTH like peptide?
[bioche2006] swquamous and renal
[niks] squam cell ca lung
[josephmedman] no squamous niks..no small..
[saimakm] lung
[bioche2006] squamous of lung
[erum] lung renal bresat
[josephmedman] small cell releases ADH
[josephmedman] and one more..
[perhaps] ACTH
[junglemits] acth
[bioche2006] rt
[erum] breast
[josephmedman] ok..
[niks] I thought you asked for PTH
Unregistered has left the chat.
[niks] squam cell doesnt it relaese PTH?
[josephmedman] what else releases PTH?:
[perhaps] yes, and renal
[josephmedman] renal and breast
[josephmedman] yea niks
[niks] ok...
[josephmedman] you wrote small though above first..
[josephmedman] i think you just got mixed up..
[niks] oh...sorry
[josephmedman] just wanted to make sure..
[niks] oh ok...thankx joe
[josephmedman] what releases secondary erythropoetin?
[perhaps] renal
[josephmedman] good
[luckyal] renal ca
[niks] renal cell ca
[bioche2006] renal cell carcinonam
[erum] renal
[josephmedman] which one has hypoglycemia?
[bioche2006] insulinoam
[perhaps] insolinoma and liver
[erum] isulinoma
[josephmedman] hepatocellular
[niks] hepatocellular ca
[josephmedman] which one has hypocalcemia or hypercortisolism?
[perhaps] medullary thyroid
[josephmedman] med. carcinoma of thyroid..
[josephmedman] and finally..
[josephmedman] which one has increase alpha one antitrypsin?
[perhaps] liver
[bioche2006] liver
Unregistered has left the chat.
[niks] hepato
[josephmedman] thats it guys..
[saimakm] yolk sac
[josephmedman] wait..
[niks] testics and ovarian tumors
[josephmedman] with alpha one anti trypsin
[josephmedman] there is one that is increased
[josephmedman] and one that is decreased
[josephmedman] alpha one antitrypsin
[josephmedman] which is which?
[josephmedman] niks?
[erum] hepato inc
[niks] thinking...
[josephmedman] oh ok..
[niks] yea but which one dec
[josephmedman] yeah i know hepato is increased
[josephmedman] am i thinking of alpha feto protein?
[josephmedman] i knwo this is really high yield
[josephmedman] im drawing a blank though
[saimakm] yes
[niks] it also causes emphysema...cant remeber...
[josephmedman] yeah lung hypoplasia
[josephmedman] i think maybe decreased in yolk sac
[perhaps] panacina emphysema is decrease
[junglemits] ggt?
[josephmedman] ggt?
[josephmedman] whats that?
[saimakm] in yolh sac it is alpha feto
[junglemits] gamma glutamyltransferase
[junglemits] i thought you said something about liver problem
[niks] alpha anti trypsin and AFP both are inc in yolk sac joe
[junglemits] but nevermind
[junglemits] sorry
[josephmedman] oh ok
[josephmedman] hmm..
[josephmedman] ok..its ok..
[josephmedman] ok guys thats it for today..