A Brief History of Russia by The World
Factbook 2006
Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy, was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new Romanov Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Read
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The St. Petersburg State Medical Academy named after I. I. Mechnikov (SPSMA) is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions of higher medical education in Russian Federation.
The St .Petersburg State Medical Academy dates back to the Psycho neurological Institute which was found in 1907 by a well-known psychiatrist Academician V.M. Bekhterev.
St. Petersburg State Medical Academy has a long and proud tradition of educating Russian and International students. The Academy trains specialists in medicine at the graduate and postgraduate levels.
More than 35000 physicians graduated from the Academy during the years of its existence, including 3500 foreign graduates from more than 50 countries worldwide since 1947. Among our total student population 5000 we have about 1000 international students from 30 countries.
The main clinical basis of the Academy is Peter the Great's Hospital, a 2000 bedded multi specialty medical center that was built in 1903 in the honour of bicentenary of St. Petersburg foundation.
History of
St. Petersburg State Medical Academy
SPSMA was established in 1907 on the basis of Medical faculty of Psychoneurological Institute, organized by Academician V.M. Bekhterev. In 1920 it was reorganized as 2nd Leningrad Medical Institute. In 1936 year 2nd Leningrad Medical Institute was united with city hospital named after I.I. Mechnikov. In 1946 2nd Leningrad Medical Institute was named as Leningrad Medical Institute of Sanitary and Hygiene by the Order of the Board of Ministers of USSR N 14077 from 22.12.1946. In 1994 Leningrad Medical Institute of Sanitary and Hygiene was renamed as Saint Petersburg State Medical Academy (SPSMA) (WHO Directory, 7 ed., page 329). In 1995 SPSMA was named after Great Russian scientist Nobel Laureate I.I. Mechnikov (order N 1307-p, dated 22.12.1995).
Saint Petersburg State Medical Academy named after I.I. Mechnikov is one of the oldest and largest Russian Higher Medical Schools. During almost 100 years of history it was and it is a leading center of Russia in the field of training Doctors of Medicine, specialists in Preventive Medicine and Clinical Medicine. Founder of Academy is Russian Government through the Ministry of Health on the basis of the laws of Russian Federation.
General Information About
St. Petersburg State Medical Academy
SPSMA has 56 medical and academic Departments and a teaching Hospital. The Academy campus is located in the central part of the city in a green from spring to autumn wonderful park having area of 35000 square meters. There are 50 beautiful buildings with fabulous architecture on its territory. The Peter the Great Hospital (2000 beds) was built in 1903.
Saint Petersburg State Medical Academy (SPSMA) has a long and proud tradition of educating Russian and international students. More than 35000 physicians graduated from the Academy since the years of its existence. Among our total student population of over 5000 we have around 1000 international students from more than 30 countries worldwide.
The teaching staff consists of 750 people, including 112 Dr.sci., 433 PhD, 82 Professors, 167 Ass. Professors.
The Academy is ranked as the leading educational and medical center in General and Preventive medicine in Russia. The SPSMA trains specialists in medicine of more that 60 specialties. The goal of the Academy is to enable students to apply their knowledge of the fundamentals in an independent consideration of patient's condition, diagnostic options, and therapeutic interventions.
On successful completion of the 6 year Academic program graduates are granted a "Doctor of Medicine" (MD) degree.Equal qualified training is given in both English and Russian languages.
Rector of Academy is Prof. A. V. Shabrov, MD.,PhD.,D.Sc.,the Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
The Academy is recognized in WHO, ECFMG commission of USA, Medical councils of India, Sri-Lanka, Australia, UK, Ireland, Sweden, all the European and American countries.
Faculties of Medical Academy
International students of Russian medium Faculty begin their studies with the Preparatory Course which helps to master the Russian language and also creat a good science foundation.
Students of English Medium Faculty begin the basic program and finish it in English language.
Main Faculties:
- Preparatory Faculty for Russian medium (6-9 monthes)
- General Medicine (specialty: Doctor of Medicine) (6 years)
- Preventive Medicine (specialty: Physician in Preventive Medicine) (6 years)
- Advanced Nursing (specialty: Manager) (5 years)
- Postgraduate Faculty:
- Short term specialization courses 3-11 months
- Internship - 1 year (only for Russian citizens graduates)
- Residency (ordinatura) - 2 - 5 years
- PhD training (aspirantura) - 3-4 years
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Structure of course
Program, curriculum and syllabus of undergraduate education
Standard curriculum is based on the government
standard of education for higher professional education for 040100 -
General Medicine Specialty for qualification of Physician (Doctor of
Medicine) Moscow, Ministry of the health, and Ministry of the
Education of the Russian Federation.
There are following basic teaching methods at the university:
- Lecture based
- Small-group discussions and seminars
- Practical and laboratory works
- Tutorials
- Independent studies
- Assessments
- Clinical training - Clinical rotation (Bedside teaching, Ward
rounds)
The First, Second and Third Years:
The first three years lay the foundation for an understanding of
human biology, its progression towards disease and subsequent
medical treatment. The basic medical science curriculum ushers the
student through the study of anatomy, physiology, histology,
biochemistry, cell biology, microbiology, general pathology,
genetics and principles of clinical medicine.
Students extend their initial studies of normal human biology and
function into abnormal processes and ultimate disease states. This
is accomplished mainly through the studies of pathology and clinical
diagnosis. Pathology and Path physiology of each organ system is
studied preparing the student for the upcoming clinical clerkship
training. Pharmacology is also taken during the third year. In
Pharmacology, students study the metabolism, fate and effect of
chemical substances of clinical significance in biologic systems.
They also describe the action of drugs and define a framework for
their use in correcting disordered function. In this year, the
student acquires a fundamental clinical background applicable to any
branch of medicine and begins crossing the bridge between
pre-clinical medical science and the practice of medicine.
Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Year Curriculum:
In the last three years, the student begins to apply the knowledge
acquired in the first two years of the biomedical sciences and to
sharpen clinical skill with a series of clinical clerkships in
Primary Care medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Emergency medicine, Internal medicine, Neurology and
Psychiatry. In these, the student learns to take responsibility for
patient care under supervision and interacts with attending
physicians, residents, nurses and other medical students. There is
additional time devoted to surgery and primary care.
Also in the fourth, fifth and sixth years, students take classes in
other clinical electives consisting of programs in cardiovascular
disease, hematology, infectious disease, renal disorders,
respiratory disorders, neurology and chronic diseases. There are
also a limited amount of carefully directed independent studies.
Learning experiences during the years of clinical training are
diverse and include seminars, lectures, demonstrations, ward rounds,
and grand rounds. However the essence of training is the interaction
with patients. Students engage with the faculty in clinical
pathological correlation discussions and analysis of the mechanisms
that express themselves as the signs and symptoms in the history and
physical examination.
The student is also free to take electives in any area of medicine.
These may include ambulatory care, primary care, orthopedics or
physical medicine. Students may also elect to participate in
research projects at the Academy's departments and affiliated
hospitals.
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Museums
There are 6 study museums:
3 - at the Department of Anatomy (Anatomy Museum),
1 - at the Department of Public health services (Museum of History
of Academy),
1 - at the Department of the forensic medicine (Forensic Medicine
Museum) and
1 - at the Department of skin and venereal diseases (Dermatology
Museum).
There is a rich museum of Forensic medicine which embraces all
branches in medico-legal pathologies. Exhibition of the museum are
widely used in the education process. Research on corpses is carried
out in the Bureau of medico-legal examination of Saint Petersburg -
the largest establishment of it's type in Russia.
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Medical Students' life
Here at Saint Petersburg State Medical Academy we are committed
to enhancing the quality of life for students by providing
opportunities to participate in a wide range of recreational and
sporting activities.
Food
Ready food is available:
- in campus snack-bars
- in campus dining-room
- in hostel cafeteria
To self cook:
- market, supermarket 100 meters from the campus/hostel
- kitchen with gas-stove in the hostel
In the city:
- hundreds of cafe, restaurants of Russian, Chinese, Indian,
Indonesian cuisine
Sport
We have Sport Center and stadium on campus. Sport Center has fully
equipped fitness suites, a multi-function sports hall. Students play
football, basketball, and volleyball, go in for boxing, wrestling,
kick-boxing, athletics, and aerobics. Outdoor playing field is
suitable for multi-sport: cricket, field-athletics, and baseball.
All our classes by sport and physical culture are taken by
qualified, customer focused instructors.
Club and art studies
Club activity is developed on the basis of performing of national
dances, songs, festivals.
Scientific club
Every month under guidance of one of the leading professors the club
holds meetings where new scientific discoveries, drugs, treatment
methods, research etc, are discussed
Leisure time
Students during their leisure time can enjoy the cultural life of
Saint Petersburg. World famous museums like the Hermitage, Museum of
Russian art, Museum of Antropology and Etnography (Kunstcamera),
Museum of zoology, …etc, Theatres like the Capella House name after
M.I. Glinka, the Mariinskiy theatre, the Opera and Ballet theatre,
…etc are some of the popular amoung students and tourist. |
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