Galactosaemia: enzyme deficiency
GALIPUT:
Galactose 1 Phosphate Uridyl Transferase.
· There is an assay called the Galiput test for this.

Van den Bergh reaction (Jaundice test)
"Indirect reacting bilirubin = Unconjugated bilirubin":
Both start with vowels, so they go together: Indirect & Unconjugated.

BUN:creatinine elevation: causes
ABCD:
Azotremia (pre-renal)
Bleeding (GI)
Catabolic status
Diet (high protein parenteral nutrition)

Vitamins: which are fat soluble
"The FAT cat is in the ADEK (attic)":
Fat soluble vitamins are A,D,E,K.

Metabolism sites
"Use both arms to HUG":
Heme synthesis
Urea cycle
Gluconeogenesis
· These reactions occur in both cytoplasm and mitochondria.

DKA: signs
DKA:
Dehydrated
Ketones/ Kussmaul breathing/ K drops
Acidosis

Fasting state: branched-chain amino acids used by skeletal muscles
"Muscles LIVe fast":
Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

Citric acid cycle compounds
"Our City Is Kept Safe And Sound From Malice":
Oxaloacetate
Citrate
Isocitrate
alpha-Ketoglutarate
Succinyl-CoA
Succinate
Fumarate
Malate

Pyruvate: products of complete oxidation
"4 Naked Fun 3 Coeds + 1 Guy":
· Complete oxidation of pyruvate yields:
4 NADH
FADH2
3 CO2
1 GTP

Niacin deficiency: signs and symptoms
The famous 4 D's:
Diarrhoea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death (if untreated)