tommyk
05-14-2006, 01:34 PM
Hy 2216
Sadly, now an AIDS patient under treatment with a nucleoside analog and a protease inhibitor comes to YOU with complaints of leg weakness and incontinence. His vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination reveals reduced strength in the lower extremities with accompanying mild spasticity. There is also diminished sensation in the feet and legs bilaterally. Lumbar puncture shows:
Opening pressure.....100 mm H20
Cell count................5 lymphocytes/mm3
Glucose...................50 mg/dL
Proteins, total..........30 mg/dL
Gamma globulin.......10% total protein
Additional laboratory investigations show normal hematologic parameters, vitamin B12 within normal values, and negative serology for syphilis. MRI of the head fails to reveal any focal abnormality. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) AID complex dementia
2) CMV disseminated complex
3) Cryptococcal meningitis
4) Vascular HIV myelopathy
5) Medication side effects of zidovudine
a) ans is #4. This is one of the most common neurologic complications of AIDS. Its pathologic substrate is degeneration of the spinal tracts in the posterior and lateral columns, which have a vacuolated microscopic appearance. Although the morphologic changes and clinical manifestations are similar to those associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, the pathogenetic mechanism is probably not related to dietary deficiencies. Since there is no specific clinical or laboratory test available for the diagnosis of this syndrome, vascular neuromuscular myelopathy in AIDS patients remains a diagnosis of exclusion. This implies that other HIV-related neurologic complications must be ruled out. AIDS dementia complex manifests with progressive memory loss, alterations in fine motor control, urinary incontinence, and altered mental status. CMV infection may simulate HIV myelopathy and is a relatively frequent complication of AIDS. It can be excluded by the results of CSF analysis. CMV infection leads to neutrophilic pleocytosis in the CSF. Cryptococcal meningitis would lead to signs and symptoms of meningitis. The CSF would show the fungal organism.
Sadly, now an AIDS patient under treatment with a nucleoside analog and a protease inhibitor comes to YOU with complaints of leg weakness and incontinence. His vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination reveals reduced strength in the lower extremities with accompanying mild spasticity. There is also diminished sensation in the feet and legs bilaterally. Lumbar puncture shows:
Opening pressure.....100 mm H20
Cell count................5 lymphocytes/mm3
Glucose...................50 mg/dL
Proteins, total..........30 mg/dL
Gamma globulin.......10% total protein
Additional laboratory investigations show normal hematologic parameters, vitamin B12 within normal values, and negative serology for syphilis. MRI of the head fails to reveal any focal abnormality. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) AID complex dementia
2) CMV disseminated complex
3) Cryptococcal meningitis
4) Vascular HIV myelopathy
5) Medication side effects of zidovudine
a) ans is #4. This is one of the most common neurologic complications of AIDS. Its pathologic substrate is degeneration of the spinal tracts in the posterior and lateral columns, which have a vacuolated microscopic appearance. Although the morphologic changes and clinical manifestations are similar to those associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, the pathogenetic mechanism is probably not related to dietary deficiencies. Since there is no specific clinical or laboratory test available for the diagnosis of this syndrome, vascular neuromuscular myelopathy in AIDS patients remains a diagnosis of exclusion. This implies that other HIV-related neurologic complications must be ruled out. AIDS dementia complex manifests with progressive memory loss, alterations in fine motor control, urinary incontinence, and altered mental status. CMV infection may simulate HIV myelopathy and is a relatively frequent complication of AIDS. It can be excluded by the results of CSF analysis. CMV infection leads to neutrophilic pleocytosis in the CSF. Cryptococcal meningitis would lead to signs and symptoms of meningitis. The CSF would show the fungal organism.