First of all to become a orthapaedic surgeon you have to be an Australian Permenant resident or have an Australian citizenship.

Next you have to complete at least one year of internship or what's known as an "intern" here.

Then after that if you qualify to do surgery you apply to become a surgery registrar, now you can do this after only one year of internship, though most people either choose to gain more experience to decide what they mean, or don't get accepted. Thus they stay on as "RMO" which are essentially interns that haven't become registrars ie haven't gotten into a training program.

Now you can become an orthapaedic surgeon directly after your first year of internship, though for certain types of surgery like cardiovascular, you first have to become a general surgeon, then continue on to become a cardiovascular surgeon...etc.

Finally surgery is one of the most popular programs here, thus unlike in the US it's relatively hard to get into. Other programs like Rads, Gas etc. are considered less desirable and thus are relatively easy to get into.

Hope that helped a bit.